生物质气化技术的研究进展

生物质能是一种可再生能源,它来源于生物体(如植物、动物、微生物等)通过光合作用将太阳能转化为化学能,并以有机物的形式储存。生物质能可以在适当的条件下被转化为热能、电能、生物燃料等,是一种重要的替代传统化石能源的可持续能源。生物质气化作为生物质的开发路径之一,是利用生物质生产合成气的有效方式。本文综述了生物质气化技术的研究,包括传统气化技术、共气化技术、化学链气化技术以及超临界气化技术等。介绍了每个气化技术的实验研究,阐述了各个气化技术的特点;详细介绍了化学链气化中载氧体与共气化中掺杂剂的使用。本文旨在探索使生物质气化效率达到最优的方案,并列举了目前存在的局限性,为进一步发展生物质气化技术以及生物质气化研究提供有益参考。     

基于显示连通贝叶斯网络的机场塔台地震易损性分析

将基于性能的多维易损性分析方法,结合显示连通贝叶斯网络,应用于机场塔台的多维易损性分析。考虑地震激励的不确定性,通过非线性时程分析获得结构响应数据;将塔台结构分为三个层次,每个层次按包含的层数分为相应的子层次。根据功能特性确定子层次的评价指标和极限状态,建立服从多元对数正态分布的概率地震需求模型;考虑各种极限状态之间的相关性,建立极限状态方程,确定失效域,通过蒙特卡洛法求得构件的超越概率;建立塔台结构的显示连通贝叶斯网络模型,利用层次分析法获得中间节点的条件概率表,利用MATLAB进行贝叶斯网络的推理计算,实现从单一层次的易损性到整体易损性的推理。     

Intensification of delignification of Tectona grandis saw dust as sustainable biomass using acoustic cavitational devices

Delignification of sawdust was studied using ultrasound assisted alkali peroxide approach using longitudinal horn for the first time and the efficacy compared with more commonly used configurations of ultrasonic reactors. Comparison with the conventional approach based on stirring has also been presented to establish the process intensification benefits. Effect of different operating parameters such as sodium carbonate concentration (0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 M), hydrogen peroxide concentration (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1 M) and biomass loading (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 wt%), on the efficacy of lignin extraction has been investigated for different ultrasonic reactors. The optimum conditions for probe type ultrasonic horn were established as 150 W, 50% duty cycle and 80% amplitude with optimum process conditions as Na₂CO₃ concentration as 0.2 M, H₂O₂ concentration as 1 M, biomass loading of 10 wt% and operating time of 70 min. Longitudinal horn resulted in best efficacy (both in terms of yield and energy requirements) followed by ultrasonic horn and ultrasonic bath whereas the conventional approach was least effective. The obtained lignin was also analyzed using different characterization techniques. The presence of peaks at wavelength range of 875–817, 1123–1110, and at 1599 cm⁻¹ for the extracted sample confirmed the presence of lignin. Increase in the crystallinity index of the processed sample (maximum for longitudinal horn) also confirmed the lignin removal as lignin is amorphous in nature. Overall it has been concluded that ultrasound can be effectively used for delignification with longitudinal horn as best configuration.     

Biocatalytic process intensification via efficient biocatalyst immobilization,miniaturization, and process integration

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CRBN调节剂Avadomide的合成工艺优化

Avadomide是处于Ⅱ期临床阶段用于治疗晚期实体瘤的潜在药物,本文对其合成工艺进行了研究,并对重要中间体的合成工艺进行了优化。以3-硝基邻苯二甲酰亚胺为起始原料,依次经开环、霍夫曼降解、环化、酯的氨解反应、氢氧化钯/碳加氢还原反应得到Avadomide,总收率为46.9%,产物结构经~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR和HRMS表征,纯度经HPLC检测为99.5%。优化后的工艺路线具有反应条件温和、后处理简单、产率高、可操作性强等特点,更适合Avadomide的工业化生产。     

模糊数学在企业创新能力评定中的应用

建立了企业创新的系统结构图,并利用模糊综合评价法建立了一个对企业创新能力进行评定的三级模糊综合评判的数学模型,采用层次分析法更加合理的确定了权重的分配,通过实例说明了该模型的使用方法,得到了更有效的结果.     

基于过程模型的分布式工作流引擎的研究

通过CORBA规范,按照过程模型的特点,提出一种基于过程模型的分布式工作流引擎的协同运行机制,可以解决集中式工作流引擎控制结构的运行瓶颈,最后给出了一个银行贷款过程的实例。     

Optimisation of mould surface temperature and bottle residence time in mould for the carbonated soft drink PET containers

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, which are usually produced by injection stretch blow moulding (ISBM) are widely used for carbonated soft drinks (CSD) storage and transportation. Stretch rod movement, blow pressure, preform temperature profile, mould surface temperature and material properties are among the most important factors affecting the final product's quality in terms of the thickness distribution, burst pressure and top-load resistance of the bottles. However, the residence time of the blown bottle inside the mould is also an important factor affecting its final properties. Especially in PET bottle production for hot fillings, the residence time is a very important factor because the longer the residence time the better the crystalline structure of the PET. In this production, the lid section is desired to have a fully crystalline form so that it can withstand hot fluids. In this study, the aim was to optimise the mould surface temperature and the blown bottle's residence time inside the mould for 1 L soft drink PET bottle production based on the final properties using the ECHIP 7 design of experiment (DOE) program. The method employed through this program was a quadratic one. Optimum process parameters were determined by the response surface method (RSM) and the process settings ensuring maximum top-load, burst pressure, Tg and degree of crystallinity were regarded to be optimum. It was found that the optimum mould surface temperature and blown bottle residence time inside the mould were 10 °C and 20 s, respectively.     

Mathematical models for job-shop scheduling problems with routing and process plan flexibility

As a result of rapid developments in production technologies in recent years, flexible job-shop scheduling problems have become increasingly significant. This paper deals with two NP-hard optimization problems: flexible job-shop scheduling problems (FJSPs) that encompass routing and sequencing sub-problems, and the FJSPs with process plan flexibility (FJSP-PPFs) that additionally include the process plan selection sub-problem. The study is carried out in two steps. In the first step, a mixed-integer linear programming model (MILP-1) is developed for FJSPs and compared to an alternative model in the literature (Model F) in terms of computational efficiency. In the second step, one other mixed-integer linear programming model, a modification of MILP-1, for the FJSP-PPFs is presented along with its computational results on hypothetically generated test problems.     

孔群零件数控加工路径优化方法的应用研究

本文主要针对孔群零件数控加工路径优化问题加以探讨和研究，力求合理安排工序、优化设计走刀路径，获得较高的加工效率。孔群加工路径规划对于提高多孔类零件的加工效率和质量具有重要意义，可以明显提高数控加工的效率、降低加工成本。