Global facility network design in the presence of competition

We study the facility network design problem for a global firm that is a monopolist seller in its domestic market but faces local competition in its foreign market. The global firm produces in the face of demand and exchange rate uncertainty but can postpone localization and distribution of the output until after uncertainties are resolved. The competitor in the foreign market, however, enjoys the flexibility of postponing all production activities until after uncertainties are resolved. The two firms engage in an ex-post Cournot competition in the foreign market. We consider three potential network configurations for the global firm. Under a linear demand function, we provide the necessary and sufficient condition that one of the three networks is the global firm’s optimal choice, and explore how the presence of foreign competition affects the sensitivity of the global firm’s design to various cost parameters and market uncertainties.     

基于知识的人机智能化CAPP系统研究

针对过去的CAPP系统中忽略了人的核心作用这一关键问题,在阐述人类智能与人工智能及其特征的基础上,根据人机一体化的基本思想,提出了人机智能化CAPP系统构想,并给出了该系统的体系结构,从而将过去"完全智能化"的系统变为"适当智能化"的系统,将过去"以计算机为中心,人机交互"的机制变为"以为人中心,人机一体"的机制,同时还详细地探讨了人机智能化CAPP系统的关键技术.     

供应链计划建模中的博弈方法

基于供应链管理思想,针对供应链上下游的主要合作伙伴关系,建立一种基于协商的上下游合作计划模型·根据外界情况(如价格、库存等因素),确定企业与战略伙伴的合作关系·在合作计划模型的基础上,分别讨论了动态博弈的纳什均衡理论和协商对策理论在模型中的应用·指出供应链的上下游合作企业达到"双赢"目标的条件及可行性·结果表明,非合作博弈体现了一种个人理性,而协商对策满足个人和群体合理性·仿真验证了模型和算法的有效性·     

循环经济原则在城区固体废物处置规划中的应用

以广州市南部拓展区(以沙湾水道为界分为北部的番禺区和南部的南沙地区)为例,通过对基准年(2000年)南部拓展区固体废物污染现状调查及潜在问题分析,预测了2000-2020年觋固体废物的产生量,提出南拓区固体废物处置规划目标,并依据源头减量化、最大限度资源化和再利用的循环经济原则,明确实现环保目标的污染防治对策及需要建设的工程项目.     

生态型RPC材料的断裂力学行为研究

以质量分数为50%～60%的超细工业废渣取代水泥,以普通黄砂取代磨细石英砂,制备了2个系列不同配比的生态型RPC材料,并研究了纤维掺量及养护制度对其断裂力学性能的影响规律.结果显示,随着纤维掺量的增加,生态RPC的断裂能及断裂韧度不断提高;在标准养护条件下,生态RPC的延性指数在纤维体积率为2%时最大.随着养护温度的提高,生态RPC的极限断裂强度不断提高,但同时其脆性也在增加,从而表现出断裂能、断裂韧度和延性指数受养护制度影响的变化规律各不相同.     

长江下游圩田开发及其对生态环境的影响

圩田是长江下游地区在土地开发过程中采取的重要土地利用形式.文章在探讨长江下游圩田开发的历程、原因及其作用的同时,分析了因过度围垦对生态环境所造成的影响,并对圩区的可持续发展作了理性思考.     

中国土地资源生态敏感性评价与空间格局分析

基于资源环境基础数据库,构建土地生态敏感性评价指标体系,进行中国土地资源生态敏感性评价,揭示土地生态敏感性的空间分布特点,进而对不同土地资源和不同农业区土地资源的生态敏感性进行差异分析,得到如下结果.1)中国土地资源生态敏感性空间差异显著,高度生态敏感区集中在4个区域:北方干旱/半干旱沙漠(地)的土地沙化敏感区、黄土高...     

基于能值生态足迹的丘陵区生态安全变化态势分析——以江西省九江市为例

准确测度区域生态安全态势对于社会经济可持续发展、实现生态文明具有重要的现实意义.以江西省九江市为例,采用能值生态模型计算了九江市2007—2018年的能值生态足迹和生态承载力,结果表明,九江市人均能值生态足迹从2007年的5.00 hm2/cap上升到2018年的7.27 hm2/cap,且生态赤字呈上升趋势;采用灰色模型预测九江市2023年的人均生态赤字将达到8.31 hm2/cap,持续存在的生态赤字表明九江市生态压力处于超负荷状态.为实现区域生态安全,迫切需要落实生态文明,发展清洁能源,提升资源利用效率,保护生物多样性,践行区域可持续发展.     

Hierarchy,cities size distribution and Zipf's law

We show that a hierarchical cities structure can be generated by a self-organized process which grows with a bottom-up mechanism, and that the resulting distribution is power law. First we analytically prove that the power law distribution satisfies the balance between the offer of the city and the demand of its basin of attraction, and that the exponent in the Zipf's law corresponds to the multiplier linking the population of the central city to the population of its basin of attraction. Moreover, the corresponding hierarchical structure shows a variable spanning factor, and the population of the cities linked to the same city up in the hierarchy is variable as well. Second a stochastic dynamic spatial model is proposed, whose numerical results confirm the analytical findings. In this model, inhabitants minimize the transportation cost, so that the greater the importance of this cost, the more stable is the system in its microscopic aspect. After a comparison with the existent methods for the generation of a power law distribution, conclusions are drawn on the connection of hierarchical structure, and power law distribution, with the functioning of the system of cities.     

环境污染物对土壤生态系统的影响及其评价方法

概述了环境污染物对土壤生物种群、群落和生态系统的影响,阐述了评估化学污染物影响的方法,同时着重介绍了综合土壤微宇宙(ISM)和土壤模拟生态系统(TME)的组成和功能.