Determination of synthetic musks in the sediment of the Taihu lake by using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and GC/MS

Synthetic musks, substitutes for natural musks, are widely distributed in environment. They have been detected in water, sludge, fish, shrimp, mussels and other aquatic animals, and even in human's adipose tissue, blood and breast milk. In this study, a new extraction procedure, based on the accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and in cell clean-up technique was developed and successfully coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for the analysis of musks in sediment samples. With this method, the limits of detection as low as 0.03–0.05?ng?g^?1 and the recovery rate of 86.0%–104% are achieved. When compared with soxhlet extraction (SE) and ultrasonic extraction (USE), ASE not only has the best extraction efficiency but also has advantage in extraction time and solvent consumption. Eight synthetic musks, including six polycyclic musks (Tonalide (AHTN), Galaxolide (HHCB), Phantolide (AHDI), Traseolide (ATII), Cashmeran (DPMI) and Celestolide (ADBI)) and two nitro musks (musk xylene (MX) and musk ketone (MK)), were evaluated in sediment samples collected from 15 selected locations of the Taihu lake, one of the largest freshwater lakes in China. The contents of synthetic musks in sediment samples range from 0.336 to 3.10?ng?g^?1 for HHCB, 0.184 to 1.21?ng?g^?1 for AHTN, below detection limit (BDL) to 0.349?ng?g^?1 for MX, and BDL to 0.0786?ng?g^?1 for MK. The contents of DPMI, ADBI, AHMI and ATII are below detection limit in all samples. The results reflect current status of fragrance compound pollution in this area, and provide basic data for environmental policy making.     

Multiresidue determination of UV filters in water samples by solid‐phase extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis

UV filters, contained in sunscreens and other cosmetic products, as well as in some plastics and industrial products, are nowadays considered contaminants of emerging concern because their widespread and increasing use has lead to their presence in the environment. Furthermore, some UV filters are suspected to have endocrine disruption activity. In the present work, we developed an analytical method based on liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of UV filters in tap and lake waters. Sixteen UV filters were extracted from water samples by solid‐phase extraction employing graphitized carbon black as adsorbent material. Handling 200 mL of water sample, satisfactory recoveries were obtained for almost all the analytes. The limits of detection and quantification of the method were comparable to those reported in other works, and ranged between 0.7–3.5 and 1.9–11.8 ng/L, respectively; however in our case the number of investigated compounds was larger. The major encountered problem in method development was to identify the background contamination sources and reduce their contribution. UV filters were not detected in tap water samples, whereas the analyses conducted on samples collected from three different lakes showed that the swimming areas are most subject to UV filter contamination.     

遥感图像作为数据源的湖底地形等高线绘制

等值线是进行地理要素空间特征分析的强大工具,可用以从总体上把握研究对象的空间变化特征,是一种形和数的统一.应用陆地卫星5、4、3三个波段合成的遥感图像作为数据源,通过对昂拉仁错湖泊湖底地形等高线的绘制,真实再现了昂拉仁错湖泊水体深度变化的情况.     

鄱阳湖(西北水域)水环境现状及其评价

依据“十一五”期间鄱阳湖西北水域设立的8个监测断面动态监测资料,分析了鄱阳湖内该区域水环境的现状,进行了水体水质的分析和评价,并采用综合营养指数法和N/P法,进行了该区域的富营养化评价.结果表明,鄱阳湖(西北部水域)水质整体上达到国标《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)中Ⅲ类水标准,仅都昌、蛤蟆石2个监测断...     

淀山湖后生浮游动物群落结构特征分析

于2008年10月至2009年10月对淀山湖浮游动物的群落结构组成及现存量进行了调查研究.共鉴定浮游动物80种,其中轮虫46种(58％),枝角类21种(26％),桡足类13种(16％),优势种主要为螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)、矩形龟甲轮虫(Keratella quadrata)、曲腿龟甲轮...     

Potential influence of water level changes on energy flows in a lake food web

Large seasonal water-level fluctuations may influence isotopic signatures of primary producers and the types and amounts of these potential food sources accessible to aquatic fauna of Poyang Lake,the largest freshwater lake in China.In this study,the isotopic signatures of primary producers and consumers were determined,stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis and mixing models were combined to investigate the influence of water levels on the diet and isotopic composition of Poyang Lake fish and inverteb...     

慈溪市上林湖水质评价及沉积物污染特征

对慈溪市饮用水源地上林湖水质和底泥污染调查研究表明,上林湖饮用水水源地的水质已从2级安全水平降到了3级基本安全水平.上林湖沉积物中总磷的含量约302mg/kg,其中有机磷占31.6%,无机磷占68.4%;沉积物中活性磷含量较高,主要以Fe-P为主,在外力扰动条件下易于向水体释放影响水质.湖区周边杨梅林地施肥土壤中速效磷...     

滴水湖浮游植物群落结构特征及对其水质评价

通过2009年1、4、7、10月对滴水湖浮游植物进行4次调查采样,研究滴水湖浮游植物群落结构特征,评价滴水湖水质现状.共鉴定浮游植物96种,隶属于8门48属.其中绿藻门种类居首位,有21属51种;其次为硅藻门11属20种;蓝藻门8属16种;隐藻门2属3种;裸藻门2属2种;金藻门2属2种;甲藻门1属1种;黄藻门1属1种.平均数量生物量是2054.28×104个/L,其中绿藻比例最高,占总量的41%;其次是硅藻,占总量的30.5%;蓝藻第三,占总量的16.5%;其他藻类所占比例较小.根据浮游植物群落结构并结合部分理化指标对湖区进行水质评价,结果显示滴水湖水质属于中-富营养.     

淀山湖蓝藻水华暴发的气象水文因素探讨

2007-2009年淀山湖的总氮和总磷年均浓度分别为3.47～4.53 mg/L和0.18～0.24mg/L,明显高于富营养化水平,成为蓝藻水华暴发的重要物质基础.MODIS影像分析结果表明,2007-2009年蓝藻水华暴发频次分别为3,6,10 d,呈逐年上升的趋势,并且暴发后易于集中在湖中心、东北和东部水域.受黄浦...     

微波消解-ICP-AES测定鄱阳湖流域沉积物中微量元素

为了研究鄱阳湖沉积物中微量元素近几年来随季节、年度及沿程的变化情况,对2003年和2005年不同季节采集的鄱阳湖流域各采样点底泥进行了ICP-AES测定.结果表明,鄱阳湖沉积物中各元素的含量随着季节和年度变化而发生一定改变,枯水期普遍大于丰水期;南矶山2005年Cu和Pb含量较2003年有所降低;蔡家湾则与南矶山相反;姚公渡2005年Cu含量也较2003年低,Pb含量则高于2003年;与鄱阳湖流域底泥背景值相比,所测几个样点的Cu,Pb,Cr和Zn含量均在一定程度上超标;除大坞河外,其余各样点As含量均在背景值范围内;从饶河到鄱阳湖入湖口处,各元素含量呈逐渐降低趋势.文章提出的研究方法操作简便,效率高,劳动强度低.