Spatial distribution and stratigraphic characteristics of surface sediments in Taihu Lake,China

A geophysical survey was carried out for Taihu Lake, one of the largest shallow lakes in China. The StrataBox™ Marine Geophysical Instrument was applied for the first time to obtain high-resolution seismic data (in the form of vectorgraphs) of the lake sediment. Data were then interpreted by SonarWiz.Map acoustics software. Data were correlated with core stratigraphy from the lake as well as an outcrop on the northern side of the lake at Yao Bay. Results show that the upper 10 m sediment (beneath the interface of the sediment and the overlying lake water) is characterized by laminated sediments, which can be classified into two stratal types, i.e. lacustrine sediment stratum (U1) and underlying hard loess stratum (U2). The contact of these two lithologies is not continuous, and part of it is absent in the lake basin. Unequally spread over the lake basin, the lacustrine sediment (mainly consisting of sludge and muddy-clay) is found in areas along the western bank, to the northwest of the Xishan Mountains and along the northwestern side of the lake. In the rest of the lake basin, the hard loess stratum is exposed in outcrops. The depth of the lacustrine sediment ranges from 1 to 2 m, while the depth of the sludge (closely related to the modern lacustrine environment) varies from 0.03 to 1.0 m. The spatial distribution of lacustrine sediments in Taihu Lake is primarily influenced by transportation and sedimentation of riverine materials, as well as the hydrodynamics of lake currents.     

鄱阳湖生态经济区低碳建筑研究

建设鄱阳湖生态经济区是对长江流域开发建设和综合治理新模式的探索,是落实科学发展观的必然要求。鄱阳湖生态经济区的建设和发展,离不开推进鄱阳湖生态经济区的城市化进程,低碳建筑在营造城市更加可持续的未来中扮演着重要角色。通过对英国Bedzed太阳村等＂产居一体.绿色低碳＂开发模式的分析研究,提出了发展低碳建筑,可持续地开发建设鄱阳湖经济区的发展思路。     

发展低碳经济的SWOT分析与政策建议——以鄱阳湖生态经济区为例

以鄱阳湖生态经济区发展低碳经济为研究对象,运用SWOT分析方法,详细分析了鄱阳湖生态经济发展低碳经济的优势、劣势、机遇和挑战,并提出了相关政策建议.     

抚仙湖轮藻植物的时空格局

轮藻是一类大型沉水藻类植物,喜生长于含钙质丰富的硬水和透明度较高的水中.抚仙湖是我国典型的高原深水湖泊,为了解其轮藻植物群落结构及时空格局特征,2005 2011年对抚仙湖沉水植物进行了调查.在抚仙湖共采集沉水植物12种,其中轮藻植物2种：轮藻Charasp.和丽藻Nitellasp..抚仙湖轮藻植物平均生物量约为11...     

基于SWAT模型的江西八里湖流域氮磷污染负荷研究

基于SWAT模型, 通过社会调查和统计数据获取模型所需的空间数据及污染源输入数据, 构建江西八里湖流域的氮磷负荷模拟模型, 并利用当地 2010—2014年的气象、径流和水质观测资料, 对模型进行率定和验证。依据该模型, 分别在时间和空间上对研究流域的氮磷污染物分布进行模拟。结果表明: 流域氮磷污染主要来自城镇生活源、农田施肥和畜禽养殖, 工业源最少; 氮磷负荷主要集中在汛期(5—9月), 占全年的55%, 汛期污染负荷主要受农村生活和农业施肥的面源影响, 随着降水增大等因素导致冲刷作用增强, 径流中总氮和总磷的负荷也随之增大。氮磷等营养物负荷主要分布在流域内人口密集的九江县、浔阳区和庐山区, 与对应区域大量城镇生活污水的排放相关。     

洛河东湖水生生物现状调查及水质评价

洛河东湖是是洛阳市水生态文明城示范区的重要组成部分.为了合理开发利用河水资源,监测拦河坝修建前后洛河东湖水生生物资源和水质变化情况,2015年8月对洛河东湖的水生生物资源进行调查研究,根据生物多样性指数对湖水水质进行评价.结果表明:(1)洛河东湖浮游植物有6个门类41个种,浮游动物3个门类19个种,底栖动物3个门类8个种;(2)浮游植物优势种类主要为梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)、盘星藻(Pediatrum sp.)、栅藻(Scenedesmus sp.)、尖尾蓝隐藻(Chroomonas acuta),浮游动物优势种主要是剪形臂尾轮虫(Brachionus forficula)和壶状臂尾轮虫(Brachionus urceus),底栖动物优势种主要是铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)和中国圆田螺(Cipangopaludina chinensis);(3)浮游植物Shannon多样性指数(H)、Marglef指数(D)和物种均匀度指数(J)分别为3.19~3.91,2.94~3.48和0.71~0.88,浮游动物3种多样性指数分别为2.25~3.18,1.46~3.33和0.74~0.89,底栖动物分别为1.53~2.05,1.44~1.84和0.44~0.73,水质评价为清洁—轻度污染.     

艾比湖流域城镇化与水土资源效益测评及协调性分析

为推动艾比湖流域城镇与水土资源开发的协调发展并深化研究,以艾比湖流域各县市为研究对象,构建城镇化与水土资源效益评价指标体系,运用熵值法和主成分分析法计算并评价2005、2010和2015年3个时间点的城镇化水平、土地资源效益和水资源效益;利用耦合协调度模型分析三者的耦合状况及协调发展状态.结果表明:2005-2015年艾比湖流域城镇化水平与水土资源效益整体不高,水资源效益发展速度明显低于其他二者的发展速度,其中独山子区发展最好,温泉县较低;各县市的城镇化水平和水土资源效益的耦合度和协调发展度类型差异较大,各城镇的耦合度类型从主要集中在拮抗阶段到磨合阶段,协调发展度类型由勉强失调转变为初级协调.     

Cytidine-stabilized gold nanocluster as a fluorescence turn-on and turn-off probe for dual functional detection of Ag and Hg

In this study, we have developed a label-free, dual functional detection strategy for highly selective and sensitive determination of aqueous Ag⁺ and Hg²⁺ by using cytidine stabilized Au NCs and AuAg NCs as fluorescent turn-on and turn off probes, respectively. The Au NCs and AuAg NCs showed a remarkably rapid response and high selectivity for Ag⁺ and Hg²⁺ over other metal ions, and relevant detection limit of Ag⁺ and Hg²⁺ is ca. 10 nM and 30 nM, respectively. Importantly, the fluorescence enhanced Au NCs by doping Ag⁺ can be conveniently reusable for the detection of Hg²⁺ based on the corresponding fluorescence quenching. The sensing mechanism was based on the high-affinity metallophilic Hg²⁺–Ag⁺ interaction, which effectively quenched the fluorescence of AuAg NCs. Furthermore, these fluorescent nanoprobes could be readily applied to Ag⁺ and Hg²⁺ detection in environmental water samples, indicating their possibility to be utilized as a convenient, dual functional, rapid response, and label-free fluorescence sensor for related environmental and health monitoring.     

Characterization of natural organic colorants in historical and art objects by high‐performance liquid chromatography

High‐performance liquid chromatography plays an important role in analysis of historical organic colorants. A number of papers have been published in this field over the last 30 years. Classification of the most commonly used natural dyes and an overview of high‐performance liquid chromatography methods with main focus on recent works (2008 to the beginning of 2014) are provided. The review deals with an entire analytical protocol covering sample preparation, chromatographic separation, and suitable detection (UV/visible and fluorescent spectroscopy and mass spectrometric techniques). High‐performance liquid chromatography has been successfully used in the complete characterization of some organic dyestuffs present in historical and art objects. The possibilities and difficulties for identification of natural sources of historical colorants are also discussed.     

向海与查干湖湿地水环境化学特征对其浮游植物群落结构差异性的影响

利用CANOCO4.5软件研究向海与查干湖湿地浮游植物群落结构的差异性,并结合湿地补水水环境化学因子的差异性,分析湿地浮游植物群落结构差异性的成因.结果表明:向海与查干湖湿地的地理和气候等环境条件相似,其水环境化学因子均存在污染,查干湖湿地水环境化学污染程度较严重;两个湿地浮游植物的群落结构分布相似,均为蓝藻门丰度最大,查干湖湿地检出浮游植物种类及优势种均偏少,各门检出种类数量存在一定差异;pH、总磷(TP)、生化需氧量(BOD5)和碳酸氢盐为影响向海湿地浮游植物分布的主要水环境化学因子,而pH、TP、总氮(TN)、溶解氧(DO)和BOD5为影响查干湖湿地浮游植物分布的主要水环境化学因子;湿地区域土地利用程度及补水来源是向海与查干湖湿地水环境特征及浮游植物群落结构特征存在显著差异的主要原因.