Production of nisin by Lactococcus lactis in media with skimmed milk

Nisin is a bacteriocin that inhibits the germination and growth of Gram-positive bacteria. With nisin expression related to growth conditions of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, the effects of growth parameters, media components, and incubation time were studied to optimize expression. L. lactis ATCC 11454 was grown (100 rpm at 30°C for 36 h) in both M17 and MRS standard broth media (pH 6.0–7.0) supplemented with sucrose (1.0–12.5 g/L), potassium phosphate (0.13 g/L), asparagine (0.5 g/L), and sucrose (0.24 g/L), and diluted 1:1 with liquid nonfat milk. Liquid nonfat milk, undiluted, was also used as another medium (9% total solids, pH 6.5). Nisin production was assayed by agar diffusion using Lactobacillus sake ATCC 15521 (30°C for 24 h) as the sensitive test organism. The titers of nisin expressed and released in culture media were quantified and expressed in arbitrary units (AU/L of medium) and converted into known concentrations of “standard nisin” (Nisaplin®, g/L). The detection of nisin activity was <0.01 AU/L in M17 and MRS broths, and 7.5 AU/L in M17 with 0.14% sucrose or 0.13% other supplements, and the activity increased to 142.5 AU/L in M17 diluted with liquid nonfat milk (1:1). The 25% milk added to either 25% M17 or 25% MRS provided the highest levels of nisin assayed.     

SL益生素生产菌乳链球菌若干特性

乳链球菌(Streptococcus lactis)SB900为“SL益生素生产菌,对其体内外若干特性进行研究。结果表明:该菌株产酸力强,乳酸产量为1.73％;耐酸性能好,在pH2的盐酸溶液(0.01mol/L)中,37℃保温1h,存活率为46.6％;具有一定的抑菌作用,并不受胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的影响;对临床上治疗腹泻的常用药有耐受性;胆汁能促进其生长。喂以该菌制剂的鸡肠道中,乳酸菌数量增加,E.coli减少。以上特性表明SB900为优良的“SL益生素”生产菌株。     

Influence of membrane lipid composition on the activity of functionally reconstituted LmrA under high hydrostatic pressure

In cellular membranes, proteins and lipids are in sensitive macromolecular interaction influencing each other. To evaluate this interaction, the multi-drug transporter LmrA from Lactococcus lactis was functionally reconstituted in vesicles consisting of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), DMPC+10 mol% cholesterol and the model raft mixture DOPC/1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/cholesterol (1:2:1) and in natural membrane lipids at 30 °C. The lateral structure and organization of these proteoliposomes were modulated using high hydrostatic pressure. A sharp pressure-induced fluid-to-gel phase transition is observed without an extended two-phase region. The possibility for lipid sorting, such as for DMPC/cholesterol bilayers, has an inhibitory effect on the LmrA activity. A fluid-like membrane phase over the whole pressure range with suitable hydrophobic matching, such as for DOPC, prevents the membrane protein from high-pressure inactivation up to 200 MPa. Under high-pressure conditions, highest LmrA activities, exceeding those at ambient pressure, are achieved for heterogeneous lipid matrices with a small hydrophobic mismatch and the ability of lipid sorting.     

宫廷奶酪中优良乳酸菌菌株的分离与鉴定

利用梯度稀释法和划线纯化法对4种宫廷奶酪中的乳酸菌进行初筛,再通过产酸实验和过氧化氢酶实验进行复筛,得到4株乳酸菌。通过形态学特征观察和16S rDNA序列分子鉴定,确定2株为屎肠球菌(MRSA1、MRSB1),2株为乳明串珠菌(MRSA2、MRSD3)。抑菌实验表明乳明串珠菌MRSA2对大肠杆菌、志贺氏菌、沙门氏菌具有良好的抑菌特性；4株菌均有抗氧化活性,菌悬液的DPPH自由基清除能力和羟自由基清除能力均高于无细胞提取物,其中菌株MRSA2菌悬液DPPH自由基和羟自由基清除能力分别高达60.67%和31.86%。研究筛选出的具有良好抑菌特性和抗氧化活性的乳明串珠菌MRSA2在功能性食品研发中具有潜在的应用价值。     

青春双歧杆菌和乳链球菌混合培养的动力学模型

研究了青春双歧杆菌和乳链球菌混合培养的生长动力学模型。培养基中作为碳源的葡萄糖对双菌生长有重要作用，以葡萄糖为速率控制底物，且根据这两菌对底物的竞争关系和代谢产物可以互相利用，互相促进生长的共生关系，从而异出其动力学方程，并进行参数估计和模型预测。     

微生物青贮剂在玉米秸秆黄贮中的作用

玉米秸秆黄贮过程中接种乳酸菌可以迅速降低原料的pH值，有效抑制腐败菌生长；添加纤维素酶，可以使秸秆的纤维含量由原来的35．3％降低到25．3％，并增加可溶性碳水化合物含量；同时使用酵母菌，可使粗蛋白含量提高10％．所以，微生物青贮剂的使用，能有效改善黄贮秸秆的品质和营养价值．     

弱化H+-ATPase的德氏乳杆菌乳酸亚种的生理特性研究

以德氏乳杆菌乳酸亚种（L5）为出发菌株,以新霉素为选择 "压力",获得了弱化H+-ATPase变异菌株5M1、5M6和5B1。与出发菌株L5（对照）相比,各变异株的H+-ATPase活力分别下降51.3%、27.7%和34.3％。对变异株5M1、5M6和5B1的形态及其生理特性研究表明,变异株的细胞较菌株L5细长。L5的ATP含量为0.63×10-18mol/个,明显低于变异菌株;变异株5M6和5B1的ATP含量分别为1.18×10-18mol/个和1.38×10-18mol/个;变异株5M1的ATP含量最高,约为1.60×10-18mol/个。当各菌株在MRS培养基中37℃培养12h后,变异株表现出较高的谷氨酸到γ-氨基丁酸的转化率,其中变异株5M6最高,为16.73%,变异株5M1和5B1谷氨酸转化率居中,分别为15.6%和15.4%,出发菌株L5的谷氨酸转化率最低,为13.91%。与出发菌株L5相比,变异株5M6、5M1和5B1的H+-ATPase活性下降导致其耐酸性和耐盐性降低。     

Paenibacillus sp. K1 乳糖酶基因bga在乳酸乳球菌中的表达

为了提高乳酸乳球菌利用乳糖的能力,缓解乳糖不耐症,以实验室构建的含有乳糖酶基因的质粒pUC-bga为模板,通过PCR扩增得到乳糖酶基因bga,将其分别与载体pSEC和pMG36e连接,获得重组质粒pSEC-bga和pMG36e-bga,重组质粒分别电转Lactococcus lactis NZ9000和Lactococcus lactis MG1614,并在乳酸乳球菌细胞内实现了活性表达。高压液相色谱（HPLC）分析其对培养基中乳糖的利用能力,结果重组菌L.lactis NZ9000-Bga对乳糖的利用能力比对照菌株高一倍,为生产低乳糖的发酵乳制品奠定了基础。     

培养条件对乳酸乳球菌N302合成乳酸链球菌素的影响

研究了培养条件对LactococcuslactisN302产生乳酸链球菌素的影响.结果表明,复合氮源、蔗糖、磷酸氢二钾、pH6.0和3%接种量有利于乳酸链球菌素的合成.发酵过程中菌体细胞生长、乳酸链球菌素活性和nisZ基因表达在培养21h达到最高峰,乳酸链球菌素活性为3560IU/mL.