Effect of hydrogen on interatomic bonds in austenitic steels

Mössbauer spectroscopy was used to investigate the influence of dissolved hydrogen on the interatomic bonds in austenitic steels. It was carried out to prove the decohesion mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement (HE). It is shown that hydrogen increases Debye temperature, i.e., the interatomic bonds in hydrogenated austenitic steel becomes stronger.     

甲基红染料掺杂的聚乙烯醇薄膜光存储特性的实验研究

用2倍频小型YAG激光(532nm)作为写入光和擦除光,用He-Ne激光器623.8nm线作为读出光,用CCD作为探测器,研究了不同写入光功率下,甲基红/聚乙烯醇(MR/PVA)薄膜光栅生长的动力学过程和不同擦除光功率下,光栅擦除的动力学过程.结合光栅生长曲线的波动现象,对光存储机制进行了新的探讨.实验发现,两写入光和读出光的功率配比为1:1:1时,可获得最大衍射效率,提出读出光对写入过程具有双重作用的物理模型,对此实验结果给出了合理的解释.     

甲烷与水分子氢键相互作用的理论研究

使用Gaussioan94程序包，在B3LYP／6—311G**基组水平上，对甲烷(CH4)与水分子(H2O)之间的所有相互作用方式进行优化．通过电子布居分析，发现在电子给予体O原子和电子接受体H原子间存在氢键，氢键的键长约为0．2574nm．振动模式分析表明，只有一种加合物是稳定的，势能面也证实了这一点．     

一维应变压缩下TC4钛合金绝热剪切研究

 利用内径为57 mm的压缩气炮，在撞击速度为0.2~1.2 km/s（相应的靶中压力为3~15 GPa）范围内进行对称碰撞实验，以研究TC4（Ti-Al6-V4）钛合金在一维应变冲击压缩条件下的绝热剪切现象。对回收得到的受冲击样品，在扫描电镜（SEM）下进行细观金相分析。结果指出，一维应变冲击压缩条件下，TC4钛合金中绝热剪切带产生的对称碰撞速度阈值为500 m/s（相当于样品中的压力为5.87 GPa）；主剪切带与冲击方向约为45°角，带上有圆形和椭圆形两种孔洞且随碰撞速度的增大而增多和长大，这是典型的韧性损伤特征。随碰撞速度增大，产生与主剪切带成15°角的支剪切带。这些与理论预言相符。X射线能谱分析结果指出，剪切带内材料发生了(α+β)→β相的转变，是典型的相变带。剪切带的温度估算与实验提供的信息吻合。     

20#管线钢在役焊接HAZ的组织与性能研究

在役焊接过程中，管内流动介质的快速冷却，易使接头出现氢致裂纹。对20^#管线钢在不同冷却条件和不同焊接线能量下的HAZ的组织性能进行了模拟研究。结果表明，在流动水冷却下，HAZ出现较多的贝氏体、马氏体和MA组元等不平衡组织，使得HAZ的硬度高达330HvN5，性能最差。采用大的线能量焊接，形成较多的上贝氏体和粒状贝氏体组织，对改善接头性能有利。因此，在避免烧穿的前提下增大焊接线能量或减小管内介质的冷却能力，减少高硬度不平衡相的形成，可以降低HAZ氢致开裂敏感性。     

Effect of carbon content on the microstructure and the cracking susceptibility of Fe-based laser-clad layer

The laser cladding of Fe-based alloys on a medium carbon steel substrate was performed using a CO₂ laser and Ar shielding gas that was blown into a molten pool. The microstructure and cracking susceptibility of the laser-clad layers were studied in terms of carbon additions. Results show that the small change of the carbon content in the alloy powders can obviously change the microstructure and properties of the layers. When the carbon content is in the range of 0.3–0.4 wt.%, the decrease of the carbon content in alloy powders will increase the hardness and toughness of the layers simultaneously under the same process parameters. As a result, crack-free coatings with high hardness can be obtained. As the carbon content increases from 0.2 wt.% to 0.4 wt.%, the segregation ratio of chromium increases, while the segregation ratios of nickel, manganese, and silicon first decrease and then increase. At the same time, a new designing principle concerning the composition and microstructure has been put forward, and the principal mechanisms of strengthening and toughening of the layers are fine-grain strengthening and low carbon martensitic phase transformation strengthening.     

Influence of intrachain hydrogen bonding on the cyclization of a polystyrene chain

Cyclization of a polystyrene chain (M_n = 10,600; M_w/M_n = 1.09) both ends labeled with 4-(1-pyrenyl)butanoamide groups was studied in cyclohexane between 25 and 95°C. The amide groups (peptide bonds) at both ends can form an intrachain hydrogen bond between the amide hydrogen at one chain end and the carbonyl oxygen at the other. The presence of two sets of conformers, random coils, and chains cyclized through hydrogen bonding, complicates the data analysis. The pyrene excimer kinetics of this polymer is well described by a model composed of two monomers (hydrogen bonded and nonbonded chains) and one excimer, in equilibrium. The cyclization rate constant for hydrogen-bonded chains is larger than the one for nonhydrogen-bonded chains. The pyrene excimer binding energy (ca. 1.6 kcal/mol) is lower than the published value for nonhydrogen-bonded chains (～ 9 kcal/mol), suggesting that intrachain hydrogen bonding hinders the stabilization of the excimer. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.