Dependency distance: A new perspective on syntactic patterns in natural languages

Dependency distance, measured by the linear distance between two syntactically related words in a sentence, is generally held as an important index of memory burden and an indicator of syntactic difficulty. Since this constraint of memory is common for all human beings, there may well be a universal preference for dependency distance minimization (DDM) for the sake of reducing memory burden. This human-driven language universal is supported by big data analyses of various corpora that consistently report shorter overall dependency distance in natural languages than in artificial random languages and long-tailed distributions featuring a majority of short dependencies and a minority of long ones. Human languages, as complex systems, seem to have evolved to come up with diverse syntactic patterns under the universal pressure for dependency distance minimization. However, there always exist a small number of long-distance dependencies in natural languages, which may reflect some other biological or functional constraints. Language system may adapt itself to these sporadic long-distance dependencies. It is these universal constraints that have shaped such a rich diversity of syntactic patterns in human languages.     

可纠错pooling设计的一个构作

一个非时序性群试(NGT)算法在DNA筛选等领域都有重要应用,而NGT算法的一个数学模型是d-disjunct矩阵.通过Bd(δ**(n,d,k))的Hamming距离构作一个d-disjunct矩阵,其中δ**(n,d,k)是在δ(n,d,k)的基础上加上δc(n,α,k)构成的,1≤α≤m+1且α∈Z;证明了所构作的矩阵是可纠正1个错误、检测2个错误的d-disjunct矩阵.     

基于植物形态标记的福建常见榕树聚类分析

对福建省30种常见榕属植物的22个性状进行形态聚类分析,结果表明:榕属植物各种之间的平均欧氏距离是5.336 8,欧氏距离最近的是日本匍茎榕和珍珠莲,为1.715 5;硬叶榕和大果榕的欧氏距离最远,为9.770 7.从形态标记聚类图可看出,在纵切线位置(欧氏距离为7.575 1)可将福建省30种常见榕属植物分为6个类群,第1类包括6种榕属植物;第2类包括16种榕属植物;第3类、第5类有3种榕属植物;第4类、第6类只有1种榕属植物.研究结果为福建省榕属植物的分类提供可借鉴的资料.     

平面图3-可着色的3个充分条件

平面图3-可着色是指可用3种颜色对该图的顶点进行着色,使得相邻的顶点着不同的颜色.研究了平面图在长度不大于6的圈或长度不大于7的圈之间满足一定条件下是3-可着色的.     

滑动窗口下数据流完全加权最大频繁项集挖掘

针对当前关于数据流加权最大频繁项集WMFI(weighted maximal frequent itemsets)的研究无法有效地处理频繁阈值和加权频繁阈值不一致情况下WMFI的挖掘问题,提出了完全加权最大频繁项集FWM FI(full w eighted maximal frequent itemsets)的概念.为了减少naive算法在处理滑动窗口下完全加权最大频繁项集挖掘时存在的冗余运算,提出了FWMFI-SW(FWMFI mining based on sliding window over data stream)算法.所提出的算法通过基于频繁约束条件的优化策略减少了naive算法中M ax W优化策略的无效调用次数;采用编辑距离比率作为WMFP-SW-tree的重构判别函数,可以有效减少该树的重构次数.实验结果表明FWMFI-SW算法是有效的,且比naive算法更有时间优势.     

直径图为11圈的7距离集研究

如果平面点集X中的任意两点确定的互异距离数为k,则称X为k距离集。用d(x,y)表示平面上互异两点x,y之间的距离,记X中的最大距离为直径D=D(X)。直径图DG(XD)是由X中所有直径构成的图,XD表示其顶点集。讨论了当X是一个7距离集时,直径图DG(XD)的构型。利用DG(XD)中最多包含一个圈,且只能为奇圈的特性,以及直径所具有的特殊性,证得当直径图为11圈时,其顶点集XD恰好为某正十一边形的顶点集。     

基于飞秒激光模间拍频法的大尺寸测距方法

本文基于飞秒激光模间拍频法实现多波长相位式绝对距离测量, 通过改变光频梳重复频率合成波长扩大测距量程, 并采用监测臂和双快门切换系统补偿和消除由电路产生的相位差单向漂移和大幅抖动. 实验中以20倍重复频率的拍频进行测量, 在30 min内相位测量的标准偏差为0.022°; 与双频激光干涉仪比对1125 mm行程内位移测量结果, 测距精度优于50 μm; 实验验证了合成波长方法扩大量程方案的可行性, 获得的测距重复性优于3 μm, 该系统理论上可扩展量程至7.5 km.     

Localization microscopy (SPDM) facilitates high precision control of lithographically produced nanostructures

Nanoscale resolution in material sciences is usually restricted to scanning electron beam microscopes. Here we present a procedure that allows single molecule resolution of the sample surface with visible light. Highlighting the performance we used electron beam lithography to generate highly regular nanostructures consisting of interconnected cubes. The samples were labeled with Alexa 647 dyes. The spatial organization of the dyes on nanostructured surfaces was localized with single molecule resolution using localization microscopy. This succeeded also in an absolute spatial calibration of the localization method applied (spectral precision distance microscopy/SPDM). The findings will contribute to the field of product control for industrial applications and long-term fluorescence imaging.     

基于小波高频距离像的红外小目标检测

针对远距离复杂背景下红外小目标检测问题,本文提出了一种基于小波高频距离像的方法。该方法首先将处理空间变换到小波域,通过分析残留背景、目标和噪声系数在高频子带的差异,定义基于邻域均值的子带系数表达形式,构造高频子带系数的中心向量,对小波高频图像进行综合形成距离像,得到红外复杂背景的抑制结果。在此基础上,利用恒虚警率算法将单帧背景抑制图像分割成候选目标、残留背景和噪声像素点。最后,在时间域基于目标运动的相关性,利用管道滤波实现红外小目标的最终检测。仿真实验结果表明,相对于经典算法,本文方法可以实现对红外复杂背景的有效抑制,增强目标信号的强度,准确稳定的从红外复杂背景中检测出小目标。