稻壳灰改良盐渍土力学特性及抗冻性的研究

在西北季节冻土区广泛分布着盐渍土,其在空间分布上连续性差,工程性质极其不稳定;且浅层盐渍土受冻融作用的反复影响,其力学性质长期处于动态的变化之中,给工程设计与建设带来了极大的挑战.鉴于此,通过压缩试验及无侧限抗压强度试验,研究稻壳灰对盐渍土的改良效果.结果表明,稻壳灰可以显著地改善盐渍土的压缩特性,并提高其无侧限抗压强度,且改良土的压缩系数与抗压强度之间呈现出负相关的线性关系.随着掺灰量和养护龄期的增加,改良土的压缩系数不断减小,无侧限抗压强度呈现出不断增加的趋势,最大可增加4倍左右.以抗压强度损失率为指标对改良土的抗冻性进行了评价,发现改良土的抗冻性随着掺灰量的增加呈现出先增强后减弱的趋势,且在15%的掺灰量时,其抗冻性效果最显著;相对而言,养护龄期对于改良土的抗冻性影响较小.     

小米乳在冰淇淋中的应用研究

详细介绍了以小米替代淀粉,研制的具有天然色香味的小米冰淇淋的生产工艺及配方。小米冰淇淋营养丰富、成本低、工艺简单、具有一定的推广价值。     

应用滋养和包埋技术进行籼稻原生质体培养和植株再生

从几个籼稻品种不同发育阶段的幼穗分离出密度平均为２２×１０５个／ｍＬ～４６×１０５个／ｍＬ的原生质体。将这些原生质体包埋在藻酸钠颗粒里并分别在粳稻愈伤组织滋养下培养和没有愈伤组织滋养。在这两种培养条件下原生质体稳定,分裂频率分别达到４８４％和３８８％,群体存活率达到５３％和４７％,愈伤组织绿苗分化率达到７１６％和６２３％。这两种方法优于常用的琼脂糖包埋法和琼脂糖颗粒法。     

Structural and expressional analysis of a cDNA that expresses predominantly in rice stamens

The development of stamen is an important stage during the sexual reproduction in higher plants. Studying the genes that predominantly or even specifically expressed in stamens will aid in undestanding the molecular mechanism of stamen development. The structure of a rice CHS-like gene (D5) which predominantly expressed in anthers has been analysised, showing high structural similarity with two other anther-specific genes (A1 and BA42) fromBrassica napus. Northern analysis also reveals that the three genes share a similar expression pattern and that the expression of D5 may relate to the early development of pollens. It is concluded that D5, A1 and BA42 represent a group of diverged CHS-like genes which are related to stamen development.     

Identification and classification of subspecies of Asian cultivated rice and their hybrids

Having reviewed the major classification systems proposed by various scholars across the world, it is found thatindica andjaponica underO. sativa L. are two major directions thoroughly differentiated from the Asian cultivated rice, forming the framework of the classification structure. A system withindica andjaponica as the only two subspecies is therefore reiterated. There are various ways to determine the indica-japonica identity of hybrid rice, but the “combined morphological trait index” (CMT index) method is more efficient and easier to handle, although the isozyme analysis, molecular marker analysis and grain quality assay methods are also feasible.     

“黑麦草-水稻”草田轮作系统的根际效应 Ⅱ.冬种黑麦草对土壤物理化学性状的影响

研究了冬种黑麦草对土壤物理化学性状的影响．结果表明,冬种黑麦草使土壤容质量下降９．４％,而对照区仅下降４．０％;冬种黑麦草使土壤有机质质量分数提高了６６％,而对照区降低了１４％;冬种黑麦草使土壤的全Ｎ,全Ｐ和有效Ｎ,有效Ｐ的质量分数分别提高了２６％,３２％,６７％和３３％,而对照区下降了１３％,４％,２０％和１３％;冬种黑麦草使土壤的全Ｋ和有效Ｋ质量分数提高了１４％和７８％,对照区也提高了１０％和１０％;种草区虽然土壤养分的增加与施肥有关,但有效Ｎ和Ｋ的增加显然还受到根际效应的影响,其证据是：在种草区,尽管土壤中的Ｎ通过收获黑麦草产生了较大的净输出（２８．０ｇ／ｍ２）,但土壤Ｎ含量仍然有不寻常的增加,说明可能存在着不明Ｎ源．２种养分有效含量的增幅比全量的增幅更大．从收获的黑麦草中发现土壤有Ｎ的净输出,可能是由于冬种黑麦草有不明来源的Ｎ素积累．     

热击对水稻(O.sativaL.)叶绿素a,b及POR同功酶的效应

研究热击对水稻苗期生理生化的影响,结果表明,在热击条件下（３５℃,４０℃,４５℃各半个小时）水稻苗期生长出现显著差异,特别是经过热击和非热击条件对比更加明显。此外,经热击处理后,水稻苗期叶绿素的含量随温度的不同而呈现一定的变化规律,并且经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳发现,热击对过氧化物酶同工酶产生显著影响。     

A DSC study of the effects of sugars on thermal properties of rice starch gels before and after aging

Thermal characterization of gelatinized binary rice starch-water and ternary starch-sugar-water gels before and after aging was carried out using differential scanning calorimetry. The glass transition temperature of the maximally freeze-concentrated solution (T_g) in both fresh and aged gels was observed to decrease progressively with increasing sugar concentration. Aging of the gels generally shiftedT_g to higher temperatures, but had little or no effect on the ice melting peak temperature (T _m). The presence of various sugars could either accelerate or retard starch (amylopectin) recrystallization, depending on the type and concentration of sugar, as well as on starch/water ratio. A hypothesis based on the dual antiplasticizing-plasticizing effects of sugars was postulated to explain the observed effects. Of the sugars studied, xylose and fructose appeared to display exceptional retardative and accelerative effects, respectively, on retrogradation.This study was funded by a Sixth Malaysia Plan R&D grant under the Intensification of Research Priority Areas (IRPA) Program of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Malaysia. We thank Dr. Harry Levine and Dr. Louise Slade for giving us the opportunity to contribute a paper to this special issue of JTA.     

光周期敏感不育水稻中激素的二阶导数卷积伏安法研究

二阶导数卷积伏安法应用于水稻中痛量雌雄激素的检测，具有快速，灵敏，干扰少的特点。本文以光周期敏感核不育水稻农垦５８Ｓ为材料，以农垦５８作对照，了叶焉和穗中雌，雄性激素的含量，研究了不同光周期条件下两类激素的变化。     

Xylanase production by Trichoderma reesei rut C-30 on rice straw

Xylanase production of Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 was examined at different initial pH values (4.8, 5.9, and 7.0) on rice straw in shake flasks, and in a fermentor, for the best pH condition. Enzyme performance was tested on ammonia-treated dwarf elephant grass. The maximum xylanase activities, 92 and 122 IU/mL, were obtained at pH 4.8 in the shake flasks and fermentor, respectively, in which good growth of the fungus was observed during the first 24 h and consumption of proteins dissolved from the rice straw caused the pH to rise later to values between 6.4 and 6.7 (optimal for xylanase production). The xylanases from T. reesei were as effective as Multifect XL, a commercial enzyme preparation, in hydrolyzing ammonia-treated elephant grass.