Proficiency testing in analytical chemistry, microbiology and laboratory medicine: working group discussions on current practice and future directions

A summary of the working group (WG) discussions on proficiency testing (PT) and external quality assessment (EQA) held at the joint EURACHEM/CITAC/EQALM workshop, Bracknell, UK, 16–18 February 2003 is provided. The nine WGs covered a range of issues concerned with current practice and future directions; PT/EQA as a tool for regulators (WG1); PT/EQA as a tool for accreditation (WG2); evaluation of performance and uncertainty (WG3); frequency of PT/EQA participation (WG4); selection of appropriate PT/EQA schemes (WG5); added value of PT/EQA and cost benefit evaluation (WG6); global harmonisation and rationalisation (WG7); new technical areas and challenges in PT/EQA (WG8); and accreditation of PT/EQA providers (WG9). Participants with different backgrounds were on each WG in order to capture a range of views and experience from different sectors. The discussions reflected on the keynote lectures and built, in many cases, on discussions at previous workshops in 2000 and 2002.     

山东省运用IT技术开拓国际旅游市场的战略思考

山东省是我国的旅游资源大省,但由于旅游促销和市场开拓能力差,导致国际入境旅游发展相对缓慢。IT技术在旅游市场开发、产品促销等方面发挥着重要作用,对旅游业的市场、分销、传播带来了深刻的影响,成为沟通旅游业供需双方的重要渠道和手段。因此,山东省应注重运用IT技术开拓国际旅游市场。一是要尽快制定山东省旅游业IT技术应用与发展的战略规划,加快旅游目的地信息系统（DIS）建设;二是积极推进企业网络建设的进程;三是建设优质高效的网站,提高宣传促销效能;四是加强培养旅游网络营销人才。     

如何在高校中推行ISO9000族国际质量标准 --《引入ISO9000族国际质量标准,全面提升高校教育质量》系列论谈之二

本文就如何在高校中推行ISO9000族国际质量标准认证体系进行论述,阐述ISO9000质量管理体系的实施步骤和ISO9000认证需建立的文件,提出学校需建立文件化管理.推行ISO9000族国际质量标准,全面提高高校教育质量.     

共产国际的影响与中共二大解决民族问题主张的提出

中国共产党早期的理论主张曾受到了共产国际与联共党的影响，民族理论与政策也同样受到了影响，中共二大提出用联邦制解决民族问题，这其中的原因固然很多，但共产国际、联共党的影响是最重要的原因之一。     

室内热环境评价与测量的新标准化方法

介绍在暖通空调工程中，按照国际标准所要达到的室内舒适热环境的衡量标准及其测量方法。重点介绍满足ＩＳＯ７７３０和ＩＳＯ７７２６两个新标准提出的条件时必须测定的热参数、测定手段及仪表。     

The potential of mass spectrometry to study iron-containing proteins used in clinical diagnosis

Many proteins contain iron as metal ion either within their own structures or bound to their active sites. These iron-containing proteins are involved in numerous biological processes and some of them serve as biomarkers of clinical pathologies, not only related to iron homeostasis but also to other physiological disorders. Thus, a variety of analytical strategies have been developed over the last years in order to conduct studies on Fe-containing proteins. Among them, mass spectrometric (MS) methods still remain as preferred tools since they provide the capabilities of structure elucidation together with quantitative possibilities. Therefore, in this work we have tried to summarize the most recent applications of elemental and molecular mass spectrometric-based methods for the characterization (mostly qualitative but quantitative in some cases) of the high abundant Fe-containing proteins used for clinical diagnosis.     

浅析公司章程对有限责任公司僵局的救济功能

公司僵局会造成资源浪费并损害相关各方利益,有限责任公司股东不重视公司章程对公司僵局的救济作用是其重要成因之一。通过制定完善的公司章程防范和化解公司僵局极具经济价值和社会意义。     

中国实行改革开放的国际动因探索

中共十一届三中全会最大的功绩就是以邓小平为首的党中央做出了必须坚持以经济建设为中心和改革开放的重大战略决策。邓小平推行改革开放的国际动因主要有五个方面：遏制霸权主义、维护世界和平、缩小与西方发达国家的经济差距、较为有利的环境和条件、顺应世界历史发展潮流。中国共产党改革开放政策的调整，符合国际大环境与时代潮流。     

国际政治经济研究的主要理论及其批评

霸权稳定论、相互依存论和世界体系论是代表当代国际政治经济学的主要理论，本通过对当前国际政治经济理论中某些基本假设、分析方法及理论视角的探索，试图把握该领域的理论发展趋势。     

A dynamic stochastic programming model for international portfolio management

We develop a multi-stage stochastic programming model for international portfolio management in a dynamic setting. We model uncertainty in asset prices and exchange rates in terms of scenario trees that reflect the empirical distributions implied by market data. The model takes a holistic view of the problem. It considers portfolio rebalancing decisions over multiple periods in accordance with the contingencies of the scenario tree. The solution jointly determines capital allocations to international markets, the selection of assets within each market, and appropriate currency hedging levels. We investigate the performance of alternative hedging strategies through extensive numerical tests with real market data. We show that appropriate selection of currency forward contracts materially reduces risk in international portfolios. We further find that multi-stage models consistently outperform single-stage models. Our results demonstrate that the stochastic programming framework provides a flexible and effective decision support tool for international portfolio management.