Using the liquid nature of the stationary phase. VI. Theoretical study of multi-dual mode countercurrent chromatography

Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) is a separation technique using a biphasic liquid system and centrifugal forces to maintain a support-free liquid stationary phase. Either one of the two phases can be the liquid stationary phase. It is even possible to switch the phase role during the separation. The dual-mode method is revisited recalling its theoretical background. The multi-dual mode (MDM) CCC method was introduced to enhance the resolution power of a CCC column. The theoretical study of the MDM method is validated by modeling the separation of two solutes. The basic hypothesis is that the forward step (partial classical elution) is followed by a backward step that returns the less retained solute to the column head. The equations show that the most important parameter to maximize resolution is not the number of MDM steps but the total volume of liquid phases used to elute the solutes. The model is validated calculating correctly the peak position of previously published MDM experiments.     

Scale-up of counter-current chromatography: Demonstration of predictable isocratic and quasi-continuous operating modes from the test tube to pilot/process scale

Predictable scale-up from test tube derived distribution ratios and analytical-scale sample loading optimisation is demonstrated using a model sample system of benzyl alcohol and p-cresol in a heptane:ethyl acetate:methanol:water phase system with the new 18 L Maxi counter-current chromatography centrifuge. The versatility of having a liquid stationary phase with its high loading capacity and flexible operating modes is demonstrated at two different scales by separating and concentrating target compounds using a mixture of caffeine, vanillin, naringenin and carvone using a quasi-continuous technique called intermittent counter-current extraction.     

曝气增强垂直潜流型人工湿地脱氮效果研究

构建了一种增强型垂直潜流人工湿地模型,使用人工曝气手段增强人工湿地脱氮效果.增强型人工湿地曝气优选的曝气位置在基质顶面以下约30cm处,优选的气水比为6:1.使用以上条件运行人工湿地的结果表明,曝气点附近硝化反应明显增强.实验数据表明,相同条件下曝气运行时,总氮去除率达到68%,非曝气运行则为55%,但这种方式对COD的去除没有明显的增强作用.     

Dynamics of a horizontal saccadic oculomotor system with colored noise

Intermittent nystagmus is a special kind of nystagmus with an irregular attack time. Its pathogenesis remains unclear. Recently, nonlinear dynamic methods used to explore the mechanisms responsible for intermittent nystagmus have received increased attention. The current study examines the dynamic properties of the bistable horizontal saccadic oculomotor system driven by colored noise. The most probable amplitude, stationary probability density of response, and signal-to-noise ratio curves with different parameters are obtained through stochastic numerical simulation. Then, the stochastic P bifurcation and coherent resonance phenomenon of the saccadic oculomotor system are analyzed. Results indicate that inhibition strength, noise intensity, or correlation time could induce stochastic P bifurcation, which may explain the development of intermittent nystagmus. Further, it is found that intermittent nystagmus can be suppressed by increasing inhibition strength, and that correlation time and noise intensity can lead to coherence resonance.     

严寒地区冬季大棚保温对曝气池工作温度的影响

 针对严寒地区气温低、污水厂曝气池工作温度低的问题, 利用仿真模拟分析大棚内空气温度分布及流动特性, 对严寒地区冬季低温条件下污水厂利用大棚保温技术进行研究。结果表明:在冬季室外温度-22℃条件下, 通过外扣大棚对曝气池保温, 棚内空气平均温度达到4.0℃左右, 曝气池出口水温达到11.2℃左右;曝气池外棚保温膜材料以PO 材料保温效果最优, PVC 材料最不可取, PE 和EVA 材料居中;曝气池选用2.5 m 棚拱高度的外扣大棚保温效果较好;双层保温膜保温效果优于单层保温膜。     

提高中、小河道曝气处理效果的方法

针对目前河道曝气存在的问题,提出了一些廉价、有效的补充措施,如在曝气河段两侧拦坝,使曝气段的污泥不得外流,人为添加曝气河段的污泥含量,将现有的连续曝气改为间歇曝气等通过实验室模拟手段,验证了这些补充措施的有效性如果将这些补充措施加以实施,可有效提高现有曝气装置的处理效果,并将比现在更加减少能耗     

模拟研究推流式曝气池内横向水流对气泡生成的影响

应用限制项改进Level Set方法的容积守恒性.以改进的Level Set方法,结合ALE数值算法,三维模拟研究了推流式曝气池内横向水流对气泡生成的影响.模拟结果与文献中实验结果定性符合.数值结果显示,曝气池内横向水流对气泡的生成过程有重要的影响:气泡生成的尺寸和时间随着水流速度的增加而减小,随着曝气速度的增加而增加.该研究从流体动力学角度为提高活性污泥法处理效率提供了理论依据.     

香港沉积物氧化过程对铅的约束作用

本项研究通过了３２ｄ（天）的连续充气实验,探索硫含量变化对Ｐｂ的影响,结果表明：沉积物充气氧化过程引起ＡＶＳ的迅速减少,同时,Ｐｂ,Ｅｈ,ＤＯ,ｐＨ也发生了明显的变化趋势。     

微孔曝气增氧技术在鳗鲡养殖中的应用

比较研究了鳗鱼养殖中应用微孔曝气增氧与水车式增氧机增氧两种方式的增氧效果.结果表明：在未载鱼情况下,两种增氧方式的增氧能力具有极显著性差异（P〈0.01）,微孔曝气增氧方式比水车式增氧机增氧方式的单位水体增氧能力提高了15.85%,增氧动力效率是水车式增氧机增氧的2.36倍.在载鱼养殖情况下,使用微孔曝气增氧的试验池表...     

一种适合当前国情的城市污水脱氮除磷新工艺

城市污水中氮、磷的处理是水污染控制的一个重要问题．自７０年代起，氮、磷污染就引起了世界各国的关注．我国现有的城市污水处理厂绝大多数不具备氮、磷脱除能力．随着经济的发展和人们环境意识的提高，对氮、磷的控制势必会越来越受到重视．文中简要介绍在实验室研究和万吨级的生产性试验的基础上提出的“高浓度活性污泥连续进水间歇曝气生物脱氮、除磷新工艺”，该工艺可在基本不增加投资的情况下，使传统活性污泥法工艺在保持较高的ＢＯＤ５，ＣＯＤ去除率的同时，具备良好的脱氮、除磷功能．