双色膜V形有源镜结构的固体热容激光器输出特性

 为了避免片状布儒斯特角结构热容激光器由热退偏造成的腔内高动态损耗,采用双色膜技术研制了V形有源镜结构固体热容激光器。该激光器采用曲率半径为5 m的平凹稳定腔结构,共8片Nd:YAG介质,每片介质表面采用双色膜层设计,每2片构成一个模块,由3支氙灯提供能量,激光器由4个模块构成。在双色膜层上,泵浦光透过率大于95%,对1 064 nm光波反射率大于99.7%。在1 ms脉宽重复频率运转条件下,激光输出随时间下降并渐趋平稳;在5 ms脉宽运转时,单脉冲输出47 J,输出峰值功率达9.4 kW,与计算得到的10.11 kW的峰值输出基本相符。该振荡器的总体电光效率达到了1.2%,通过进一步优化后,具备向更高功率定标放大的潜力。     

区域水环境经济系统优化模型及其应用

基于改进的经济、环境、资源、污染治理投入产出模型,建立了区域水环境经济多目标优化规划模型。该模型以宏观经济子模型及其它子模型为基础,以多目标优化规划模型为核心,并在多目标分析模型中集系统要素为一体,具有预测、模拟、优化及决策分析等功能。以关中地区为例讨论了其应用,结果表明该模型能较好地协调经济与环境的关系,为水环境与经济的可持续发展提供了一种可操作的方法。     

Small field output factors: Comparison of measurements with various detectors and effects of detector orientation with primary jaw setting

Accurate dosimetry in small photon fields used in modern radiotherapy is a challenging task due to electronic disequilibrium, steep dose gradients, source occlusion and size of the sensitive volume of the detector. These challenging effects and the lack of metrological dosimetric reference instigated an investigation on the acquisition of output factor with various detectors in parallel and perpendicular orientations. Small field output factor measurements of tertiary collimators such as BrainLab circular cones, BrainLab mMLC and Millennium MLC were carried out in this study. The data acquired show the differences between output factor results with different detectors for all collimating systems. Good agreement in output values was observed in field sizes greater than ∼2 × 2 cm² for all detectors and all tertiary collimators. For smaller fields when compared to electron field diode (EFD), 0.125 cm³ ion chamber underestimates the output by up to −11.1% and −20.4% and pinpoint ion chamber underestimates the output by up to −1.5% and −6.1% in their parallel and perpendicular orientation, respectively. In contrast, PTW SRS diode and photon field diode (PFD) overestimate the output factor by up to 2.5% and 6.9% respectively in its parallel orientation. The investigated data for the effect of jaw position (0.25 × 0.25 cm², 0.5 × 0.5 cm² and 1 × 1 cm²) away from the field edge generated by different tertiary collimating systems inferred that the opening of X–Y jaw highly influences the small field output factors. The orientation of the detectors and the position of the jaws could influence the output factors considerably in small fields.     

光纤激光器谱合成系统合成效率的计算分析

在简化模型的基础上,从三能级粒子速率方程出发,结合光纤激光器的光束传输方程,推导出光纤激光器谱合成系统的输出功率和合成效率的解析表达式.在此基础上,对合成效率进行了计算分析,并讨论了影响合成效率的主要因素.结果表明,光纤激光器谱合成系统的合成效率主要由光纤激光器输出镜反射率、谱合成系统的外腔输出镜反射率、光栅衍射效率以及望远镜滤波组件透过率决定.     

Design of wide-spectrum polymer Mach-Zehnder interferometer electro-optic switches using two symmetric N-th order phase-generating couplers

To enlarge the output spectrum, a novel reasonable structure of one kind of Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) electro-optic (EO) switches containing two symmetric N-th order phase generating couplers (PGCs) is presented, and thorough model, analysis and design technique are proposed. A non-linear least square method is investigated for optimizing the PGC structure to eliminate the phase difference error caused by the wavelength variation. Under the central wavelength of 1550 nm, optimization and simulation are performed on three MZI EO switches using two first, second and third order PGCs, respectively. The switches exhibit a low switching voltage of 1.156 V with an active region length of 4 mm. The output spectrums covering the whole S-C-L bands are as wide as 320, 390 and more than 435 nm, respectively, the insertion loss are less than 5.57, 5.98 and 7.90 dB, respectively, and the crosstalk is less than −30 dB over the wide wavelength ranges, for the three designed switches. The design technique is supported to be feasible by the comparison with beam propagation method (BPM).     

温差对热电器件输出特性的影响

热电器件可以直接将低温废热转化为电能,加之其体积小、重量轻、无振动、无噪音、对环境不造成任何危害,因而具有良好的发展前景。为了探究温差对热电器件开路电压,短路电流,最大功率的影响,本实验对型号为TEC1-12705的热电器件进行了测试。实验数据表明在0到66℃的温差范围内,热电器件开路电压随温差呈线性增长,短路电流和最大输出功率随温差呈指数增长。     

A modified Crank-Nicolson scheme with incremental unknowns for convection dominated diffusion equations

A modified Crank-Nicolson scheme based on one-sided difference approximations is proposed for solving time-dependent convection dominated diffusion equations in two-dimensional space. The modified scheme is consistent and unconditionally stable. A priori L² error estimate for the fully discrete modified scheme is derived. With the use of the incremental unknowns preconditioner at each time step, a comparison among several classical numerical schemes has been made and numerical results confirm stability and efficiency of the modified Crank-Nicolson scheme.     

Reducing multiclass cancer classification to binary by output coding and SVM

Multiclass cancer classification based on microarray data is presented. The binary classifiers used combine support vector machines with a generalized output-coding scheme. Different coding strategies, decoding functions and feature selection methods are incorporated and validated on two cancer datasets: GCM and ALL. Using random coding strategy and recursive feature elimination, the testing accuracy achieved is as high as 83% on GCM data with 14 classes. Comparing with other classification methods, our method is superior in classificatory performance.     

论可理解性输入和可理解性输出在英语写作中的作用

在实验期间对控制组的学生按照课程规定的教学大纲和教学计划进行日常授课，而对受试组的学生则根据他们的实际水平及需要加入适量的可理解性教学语料输入，并在教学巩固环节中以可理解性输出为理论基础设计相应的写作练习，对提高大学生英语写作具有非常重要的作用。