SYNTHESIS OF MBS RESIN BASED ON MOLECULE DESIGN

The relationships between the properties of PVC-MBS polyblend and of the MBS multiphase structure and between the MBS structure and polymerization parameters are studied theoretically and experimentally. MBS resin synthesized from the molecule design principle is suitable to prepare PVC-MBS polyblend with good transparency and high impact strength.     

Mechanical and rheological testing to develop thermoplastic elastomer-polyborodimethylsiloxane blends for personal impact protection

To claim ‘wearability’, clothing for protection against impact injury must not only act locally as a rigid shell under impact in order to satisfy drop-weight tests, but also flex freely with normal movement and offer permeability and light weight. Previous materials used carrier textiles coated with ‘dilatant’ but mechanically weak polyborodimethylsiloxane (PBDMS) compounds. We outline a procedure for developing blends of PBDMS with thermoplastic elastomers which, while minimizing the force transmitted in standard drop-weight tests on monolithic plate, can also be injection moulded into more wearable 3D shell structures. The first successful blends were developed by trial-and-error, involving the melding and testing of many plate specimens. The new procedure uses dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and time-temperature superposition to calibrate Zener-solid models for specific conditions within the service temperature and impact-speed envelope. Each model material is then subjected to a virtual drop-weight impact test to estimate the peak transmitted impact force. These results guide the selection of blends suitable for further development, correlating well with those obtained using the previous, more laborious procedure. When distributed within a suitable blend, PBDMS contributes considerably greater impact force attenuation than bulk uniaxial tests indicate.     

Fracture evaluation of plasticized polylactic acid / poly (3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE) blends for commodities replacement in packaging applications

Nowadays, scientific and technological efforts are being carried out to diminish serious ecological problems caused by indiscriminate use of non-biocompostable polymers in the packaging industry. In this sense, novel biodegradable blends of different composition based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and tributyrin (TB) are developed and here proposed as an eco-friendly alternative. Materials are characterized by fracture experiments under quasi-static and biaxial impact loading. Fracture behavior is analyzed together with thermal, tensile and water permeation properties to evaluate their potential in-service performance. TB_PLA/PHB blends with 15 wt% TB exhibit better permeation and fracture toughness than currently used bio-based polymers, being in the range of polyethylene properties. Results highlight the potential of these new blends broadening the current application field of PLA.     

J-testing of polymers via the load separation criterion based ESIS TC4 procedure: Effect of the specimen size

The Technical Committee 4, “Polymers, Polymer Composites and Adhesives”, of the European Structural Integrity Society (ESIS TC4) developed a draft protocol based on the load separation criterion to determine two fracture parameters (an initiation parameter, J_I,lim, and a crack growth parameter, m_s) without the need to measure the crack growth (Δa). This is especially beneficial, since the measurement of Δa is prone to errors. The developed testing scheme displays promising results, as shown in a round-robin testing exercise. To further push this testing scheme, it is necessary to verify the specimen size scaling possibility. Hence, in this work, single edge notched in bending (SE(B)) specimens with different sizes, but geometrically similar, were manufactured. ESIS TC4 testing scheme was successfully applied to specimens with the different sizes, and data of J_I,lim and m_s were obtained. The observed effect of the specimen size on the aforementioned fracture parameters is presented and discussed.     

The Influence of Copolymerization Condition on Rheology,Morphology and Thermal Behavior of Polypropylene Heterophasic Copolymers

In this work, the polypropylene impact copolymers were synthesized by a modified sequential polymerization process. The copolymerization of ethylene and propylene was carried out between two homopolymerization stages at two different pressures and temperatures and the rheology, morphology and thermal properties of reactor alloys were studied. It is found that the ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) content increased up to 32 wt% by increasing the copolymerization time to 20 min. At a fixed copolymerization time of 10 min, the addition of 50 ppm hydrogen (H₂), increased the EPR content from 9.7 to 12.8 wt%. By doubling H₂ concentration, no considerable change in EPR wt% was observed. It is found that the zero shear viscosity of the alloys is significantly under the influence of EPR wt%, not the molecular weight of matrix. The molecular weight of PP matrices determined by rheological data, mildly decreased from 463000 to 458000 g/mol by increasing the copolymerization time from 10 min to 15 min. At high copolymerization time/high H₂ concentration, a melting peak in the differential scanning calorimetry test around 165°C for isotactic PP and also an endothermic peak around 127°C for the block copolymer with long ethylene segments, is observed. The study of interfacial strength by theoretical emulsion models showed that 15 min copolymerization time is optimum considering EPR wt%.     

EFFECT OF PROCESSING METHOD ON THE IMPACT STRENGTH OF POM/TPU/CaCO3 TERNARY COMPOSITES

Polyoxymethylene （POM）/elastomer/filler ternary composites were prepared, in which thermoplastic polyurethane （TPU） and inorganic filler, namely, CaCO3, were used to achieve balanced mechanical properties of POM. The dispersion and phase morphology of POM/elastomer/filler composites were found to depend largely on processing method, CaCO3 content in masterbatch and the filler size. Two processing methods were employed to prepare POM/elastomer/filler ternary composites. One is called the one-step method, in which elastomer and the filler directly melt blended with POM matrix. The other is called the two-step method, in which the elastomer and the filler were mixed to get masterbatch first, which was then melt blended with pure POM of different content. The effect of phase morphology and processing method on impact strength was investigated. It was found that the two-step method results in an increase in impact strength but not for the one-step method. Additionally, the impact strength of POM ternary composites decreases with the increase in the size of CaCO3 particles.     

模糊PID在高精密球抛光机床压力控制中的应用

针对高精密球体抛光机床压力加载控制中,存在的加压精度低、抗干扰能力差等问题,提出了基于模糊PID控制策略的压力加载控制系统。分析了抛光机床的加压装置,并对机床整体控制系统进行设计;针对高精密抛光机床加压过程中存在的滞后性、非线性及时变性等特点,分析模糊PID控制器的设计过程及其软件实现;静态加载实验表明,运用模糊PID的控制系统可将静态加压误差控制在1%以内;同时,动态加工实验表明,动态误差可控制在4.2%以内。将模糊PID控制方法运用于高精密球体抛光压力控制中,提高了压力加载精度和稳定性,在实际加工中有较好的运用效果。     

Vibrations at 3C-SiC(001)-(32) surfaces

Si-terminated 3C-SiC(001) surfaces with () and ()reconstructions were investigated by high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and Auger electron spectroscopy. The surfaces were prepared by subsequent annealing steps after cleaning by heating in a Si flux. At ()-reconstructed surfaces, the HREELS intensity increases while the widths of the loss lines decrease with proceeding preparation. Eventually, weak loss structures at 380 and 700 cm^-1 are detected besides the strong Fuchs-Kliewer phonon loss peaks. They are attributed to surface-localized vibrations, i.e., to stretching modes of on-top Si dimers and of C-Si-C groups, respectively. The weak features vanish after exposure to atomic deuterium, but reappear after subsequent annealing. At () reconstructed surfaces the HREELS lines are broadened and no surface-localized modes were resolved. Received 18 January 1999     

辐照和电流注入下电缆耦合响应的计算

 采用传输线模型,利用时域有限差分方法计算了辐照和电流注入两种试验环境中电缆屏蔽层电流对芯线的耦合响应,并对响应规律进行了研究。计算结果表明：电流注入时近端负载电压峰值最小,辐照时次之,电流注入时远端最大;负载电压峰值、负载能量与屏蔽层电流源幅度等比例变化;相比较前沿的变化而言,改变屏蔽层电流源前沿对负载电压峰值和负载能量的影响不大;屏蔽层电流源半高宽较小时,负载电压峰值、负载能量与半高宽是非线性关系,屏蔽层电流源半高宽较大时,负载电压峰值、负载能量与半高宽成线性关系;电缆较短时,改变电缆长度对负载电压峰值有影响,而电缆较长时,只会影响电缆负载能量。     

低能入射电子与中性锂原子的碰撞激发截面

近耦合近似下，采用Ｒ－矩阵方法求解耦合的积分微分方程，给出低能电子与中性锂原子的碰撞激发截面，并与实验数据和其它理论计算数据进行了比较。