何首乌研究进展

概述了何首乌化学成分、药理活性及研究现状 ,并展望其前景     

食用百合卷丹离体培养再生体系的建立

选取食用百合卷丹的鳞片作为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,添加6-BA和NAA的不同植物激素组合,分组进行不定芽诱导、继代增殖和诱导生根培养。结果表明,鳞茎的中层鳞片具有较强的不定芽分化能力,6-BA 0.5mg/L＋NAA 0.1mg/L的激素组合适宜于鳞片的不定芽分化和继代增殖,而最利于诱导生根的激素组合为NAA 1.0mg/L＋6-BA 0.1mg/L。组培苗经过60天左右培养可在培养基中直接产生小鳞茎。     

高质量冬青卫矛DNA提取方法

为了从富含多酚和多糖的冬青卫矛叶片中分离高质量基因组DNA,比较了SDS法、CTAB法、高盐低pH值法及改良的CTAB法等提取DNA的方法,获得了一种以CTAB法为基础的分离高质量完整DNA的简便、快速方法。结果表明,使用该方法从冬青卫矛叶片中分离得到高纯度、高产量的DNA,A260/A280为1.84,1 g鲜叶的DNA产量为213.5μg,表明该方法可有效地从富含多酚和多糖的药用植物组织中提取高质量DNA。     

Hepatoprotective Effects of Ixeris chinensis on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by High-Fat Diet in Mice: An Integrated Gut Microbiota and Metabolomic Analysis

Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai (IC) is a folk medicinal herb used in Mongolian medical clinics for the treatment of hepatitis and fatty liver diseases even though its pharmacological mechanism has not been well characterized. This study investigated the hepatoprotective mechanism of IC on mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by integrating gut microbiota and metabolomic analysis. A high-fat diet (HFD) was used to develop nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, after which the mice were treated with oral IC (0.5, 1.5 and 3.0 g/kg) for 10 weeks. HFD induced NAFLD and the therapeutic effects were characterized by pathological and histological evaluations, and the serum indicators were analyzed by ELISA. The gut microbial and metabolite profiles were studied by 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomic analysis, respectively. The results showed that the administration of IC resulted in significant decreases in body weight; liver index; serum biomarkers such as ALT, TG, and LDL-C; and the liver inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that administration of IC extract altered both the composition and abundance of the gut microbiota. Untargeted metabolomic analysis of liver samples detected a total of 212 metabolites, of which 128 were differentially expressed between the HFD and IC group. IC was found to significantly alter the levels of metabolites such as L-glutamic acid, pyridoxal, ornithine, L-aspartic acid, D-proline, and N4-acetylaminobutanal, which are involved in the regulation of glutamine and glutamate, Vitamin B6 metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolic pathways. Correlation analysis indicated that the effects of the IC extract on metabolites were associated with alterations in the abundance of Akkermansiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Muribaculaceae. Our study revealed that IC has a potential hepatoprotective effect in NAFLD and that its function might be linked to improvements in the composition of gut microbiota and their metabolites.     

燕山东段野生木半夏果实性状的株间变异

以燕山东段碣石山天然分布的木半夏果实为试验材料,对其果实的8个性状变异和各性状间的相关性进行了分析研究。结果表明：（1）果实性状株间变异比较显著;（2）果实各性状变异系数由大到小依次为空瘪率、果实重、果形指数、果实横径、果梗长、种子重、果实纵径、果肉率;（3）果肉率与果实横径成极显著正相关,与果形指数成显著负相关;种子重与果实重成极显著正相关,与空瘪率、果实横径成显著负相关,与果实纵径关系最不紧密;（4）建议在野生木半夏群体中筛选高果肉率和高种子重的单株时应分别进行,以果实横径的大小作为主要参考指标;在以观果效果为主的单株选择上,则宜果梗长短为主要参考指标。     

海南岛野生苦丁茶树的发现及其植物学特征特性的观察

苦丁茶具有多种药用功效和保健作用，经济价值极高长期以来，国内外各种文献对海南岛天然分布的野生苦了茶树均无记载．笔者在海南岛中部七指山自然保护区内发现了野生苦了茶植株，并成功地通过扦插和组织培养繁殖了数万株苗木本文介绍了野生苦丁茶树植物学特征特性的观察结果，并就如何保护和开发利用海南岛野生苦了茶资源的问题提出了建议．     

何首乌提取物对大鼠血脂水平的影响

通过实验饲喂大鼠 ,研究何首乌提取物对大鼠血脂水平的影响 .结果表明 ,何首乌提取物能有效降低大鼠血清中甘油三脂 (TG)、胆固醇 (TC)、低密度脂蛋白 (LDL_C)含量及LDL_C HDL_C比值 (p <0 .0 1 ) ,而HDL_C含量和HDL_C TC比值明显升高 (p<0 .0 1 ) ,表明何首乌提取物具有明显的降血脂作用     

三叶木通种质资源形态多样性研究

收集全国三叶木通种质资源73份，测量各种质16个生物学性状，运用SPSS软件对各形态指标进行方差分析和主成分分析，并对各种质进行聚类分析．方差分析结果表明，描述果实的各指标变异幅度最大，各种质间果实差异较大．主成分分析把16种形态学指标归结为果实因子、叶片因子、种子因子、果肉因子4个主成分．聚类分析把73份种质资源分为5大类．为三叶木通种质资源的收集整理以及优良种质的选育提供了重要的形态学依据．     

Analysis of plasma migration components in Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss. effective parts by UPLC–Q-TOF–MS

Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss. (PVJ) is described as pungent, bitter and slightly cold in Chinese medicine, and is associated with the large intestine, stomach and liver meridians. The preliminary experiments of our research team proved that PVJ total flavonoids have excellent inhibitory effects on liver cancer cells. The present experiment uses the UPLC–Q-TOF–MS technology and serum pharmacochemistry methods to analyze the chemical components in vitro and in vivo of PVJ antiliver tumors. A total of 14 chemical components were identified in the total flavonoids extract of PVJ, and it is mainly composed of flavonoids, flavonones, flavonols and phenolic acids. At the same time, seven prototypical components and seven metabolic components were detected in the drug-containing plasma. Hydrocaffeate and scutellarein are the phase I metabolites of caffeic acid and scutellarin, respectively. Sulfated apigenin, sulfated luteolin, sulfated kaempferol and methylated kaempferol are the II phase metabolites of apigenin, luteolin, kaempferol, respectively. The experiment provides a reference for the research and development of antitumor drug candidates, and provides a basis for revealing the bioactive components of PVJ and the antitumor mechanism.     

A new diaryl 1, 2-diketone from the heartwood of Dalbergia latifolia

A new diaryl 1,2-diketone, named 1-(2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenylethane-1,2-dione (1), along with eight known compounds (2–9), were isolated from the heartwood of Dalbergia latifolia. They were identified on the basis of spectral data. Compounds 1–7 were obtained from the Dalbergia genus for the first time. Compounds 8 and 9 were firstly isolated from the plant. Compound 1 exhibited inactive against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Escherichia coli ATCC 21530 with the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 10.0 and 10.0 mg/mL, respectively.