昆明山海棠与南蛇藤红外宏观指纹图谱研究

比较了卫矛科的昆明山海棠和南蛇藤粉末和醇提物的红外图谱特征。两种药材的粉末图中都看到草酸钙和淀粉的特征。醇提物图中都有卫矛醇的特征,但南蛇藤较为明显。两种药材醇提物的二阶导数图有明显差异,说明某些成分含量不同。南蛇藤根图的草酸钙和卫矛醇的峰形都比茎的强和尖,说明其根中草酸钙和卫矛醇的含量比茎大。由于红外法既能快速地找出药材差异,又能准确指认出卫矛醇,所以此法制定的宏观指纹图谱可作为生药鉴定的依据。     

Development and Verification of a Precolumn Derivatization LC-MS/MS Method for the Pharmacokinetic Study of Houttuynine of Houttuynia Essential Oil

Houttuynia essential oil (HEO) has excellent antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological effects, but the lack of effective analytical methods to quantify HEO in plasma has hindered its better clinical monitoring. Houttuynine (Hou) is one of the main active ingredients and quality control substances of HEO, so the pharmacokinetic study of HEO could be conducted by determining Hou blood concentration. Hou is active and not stable in plasma, which makes its blood concentration difficult to measure. In this work, a novel liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for Hou determination in rat blood was established that involves Hou being derivatized with 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to form a stable compound to prevent degradation. Herein, p-Tolualdehyde-2,4-dinitrophenylphenylhydrazone was selected as an internal standard substance and the LC-MS/MS method was evaluated for selectivity, precision, accuracy, calibration limit, matrix effect, recovery, and stability. Good linearity (r² = 0.998) was reached in the range of 2–2000 ng/mL, and the lower limit of quantification of Hou was determined to be 2 ng/mL. The mean intra-assay accuracy ranged from 77.7% to 115.6%, whereas the intra-assay precision (relative standard deviation, RSD) was below 11.42%. The matrix effect value for Hou in rat plasma was greater than 75%, and for the internal standard (IS) it was 104.56% ± 3.62%. The extraction recovery of Hou were no less than 90%, and for the IS it was 96.50% ± 4.68%. Our method is sensitive and reliable and has been successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic analysis of Hou in rats given HEO via gavage and injection.     

Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyland: A Review of Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

In this paper, the confusion of the sources of medicinal materials was briefly expounded, and the differences among the varieties were pointed out. At the same time, the chemical components and pharmacological properties of Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyland (E. ciliata) were reviewed. The structures of 352 compounds that have been identified are listed. These mainly include flavonoids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, and other chemical components. They have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antiviral, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, analgesic, antiarrhythmic, antitumor, antiacetylcholinesterase, and immunoregulator activities. At present, there are many researches using essential oil and alcohol extract, and the researches on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and other pharmacological activities are relatively mature. This paper aims to summarize the existing research, update the research progress regarding the phytochemicals and pharmacology of E. ciliate, and to provide convenience for subsequent research.     

小槐花中的脂溶性成分分析

采用硅胶柱层析、甲酯化和气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术对小槐花的脂溶性成分进行分析和鉴定。结果分离出45个组分,确认了其中的29个成分。这些成分主要为脂肪酸类化合物,其中以十六烷酸、十八碳烯酸、十八碳二烯酸含量最高,含量分别为28.90%、26.49%、17.95%。这些成分均为首次在该植物中鉴定出。     

山药多糖的制备及其体外抗氧化活性

提取山药粗多糖并进行精制,分析了山药多糖的单糖组成,并研究了山药多糖的体外抗氧化活性.结果表明,山药精制多糖纯度较高,由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成.体外抗氧化活性测试结果表明,山药多糖具有一定的还原能力,对羟自由基具有较强的清除能力,并对小鼠肝匀浆自氧化有明显的抑制作用.因此,山药多糖具有较好的抗氧化活性,可作为潜在的抗氧化剂或抗衰老药物进行深入研究和开发.     

五叶木通中一个新的三萜成分

对五叶木通藤茎进行了较为系统的研究, 从其体积分数为80%的乙醇提取物的正丁醇部分分离得到3个三萜成分, 通过理化性质和波谱分析鉴定为: 3α,24-二羟基-30-去甲齐墩果烷-12,20(29)-双烯-28-酸(Ⅰ); 3α,24,29-三羟基齐墩果烷-12-烯-28-酸(Ⅱ); 2α,3β,23-三羟基齐墩果烷-12-烯-28-酸(Ⅲ). 其中化合物Ⅱ为新化合物, 命名为木通茎酸(Quinatic stem acid).     

Three New 24‐Nortriterpenoids from the Roots of Ilex asprella

Asprellols A–C ( 1 – 3 , resp.), three new 24‐nortriterpenoids, were isolated from the CHCl₃‐soluble fraction of 95% EtOH extract of the roots of Ilex asprella, together with a known nortriterpenoid. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated as 2,6β,20β‐trihydroxy‐3‐oxo‐11α,12α‐epoxy‐24‐norursa‐1,4‐dien‐28,13β‐olide ( 1 ), 2,6β‐dihydroxy‐3‐oxo‐11α,12α‐epoxy‐24‐norursa‐1,4,20(30)‐trien‐28,13β‐olide ( 2 ), and 2,6β‐dihydroxy‐3‐oxo‐11α,12α‐epoxy‐24‐noroleana‐1,4‐dien‐28,13β‐olide ( 3 ) on the basis of spectroscopic analyses.     

香薷化学成分的研究

从香薷全草的乙醇提取物中分离出5个化合物,经对理化性质和波谱数据分析,鉴定其结构分别为:咖啡酸(1),阿魏酸正十八酯(2),β-胡萝卜苷(3),熊竹素(4)和儿茶素(5),其中化合物(2)和(5)为首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

中药材玫瑰花抗氧化及作用机制的研究

采用测定红细胞溶血抑制率、肝组织匀浆脂质过氧化产物，超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性测定方法和现代分子生物学技术RT-PCR基因扩增法检测中药材玫瑰花(F21)对小鼠(SAM-P／8)体内抗氧化作用，并探讨抗氧化作用机制．经过体内实验，F21对不同月龄小鼠的抗氧化效果不同，对8月龄以上的小鼠抗氧化作用效果显，同时明显提高了SOD基因的表达量．结果表明F21对衰老的鼠不仅在组织水平上和细胞水平上有显的抗氧化作用，而且在分子水平上能提高基因表达量．F21含有高效抗氧化成分，是一种良好的天然抗氧化剂，具有进一步研究价值．