Properties of cat-eye modulating retro-reflector and its application with piezoelectric transducer

Piezoelectric cat-eye modulating retro-reflector (MRR) is the core component of an acousto-optic retro-identification system. The influence of the optical parameters (link distance l, lens focal length f and the detector diameter r) to the cat-eye effect was analyzed theoretically and experimentally. A piezoelectric cat-eye retro-identification (PCERI) system was built, and an information transmission ratio of 2 kHz was achieved which can satisfy an access control system.     

基于因果岭回归的多数据源科研主题识别方法

为了有效解决多数据源科研主题的识别问题,基于因果岭回归建立了一种新的多数据源科研主题识别方法.该方法首先给出了多数据源科研主题识别关键参数(如主题词的引用权重、状态密度)的评价指标;同时根据科研主题形态特征建立了特征函数,并基于因果岭回归给出了具体识别方法;最后,通过仿真实验深入研究了影响该识别方法的关键因素.结果显示,与朴素贝叶斯、KNN算法和MGe-LDA算法相比较,该方法在价值引用量、引用权重和前沿主题相似度等方面具有较大优势.     

Double‐injection capillary electrophoresis for the identification of analytes

This paper presents a new approach for identifying analytes by CE. The compound to be identified is analyzed together with the corresponding reference standard during a double injection capillary electrophoretic run. The inter‐plug distance is regulated by applying an electrical field over the capillary for a predetermined time period (t_PE). The migration time of an analyte being exposed to the partial electrophoresis was calculated from the partial migration time (t_mig(p)) as described in this paper. The identification is based on the closeness of agreement between the calculated migration time (t_mig(c)) and observed migration time (t_mig) of the reference standard. The validity of the derived equations was checked by analyzing several substances such as caffeine, melamine, acetyl salicylic acid, paracetamol, ibuprofen, metoprolol, naproxen, somatropin, several insulin analogs, as well as different pharmaceutical and natural products. The migration time ratios for the identified solutes varied between 0.996 and 1.006 (i.e., 1.001 ± 0.005), indicating good agreement between the observed and calculated migration times.     

Screening and analysis of metabolites in rat urine after oral administration of Apocynum venetum L. extracts using HPLC–TOF‐MS

HPLC with diode array detection and ESI‐TOF‐MS was used for the study of the constituents in Apocynum venetum L. extracts and the metabolites in rat urine after oral administration of A. venetum L. extracts. A formula database of the known constituents in A. venetum L. was established, and 21 constituents were rapidly identified by accurately matching their molecular masses with the formulae of the compounds in the database. Furthermore, 34 metabolites were detected and elucidated in the rat urine. The scientific and plausible biotransformation pathways of the flavonoid components in A. venetum L. were also proposed together with the presentation of clues for potential mechanisms of bioactivity. This specific and sensitive HPLC–ESI‐TOF‐MS method can be used to identify the chemical components in the extracts of A. venetum L. and their metabolites in rat urine. This method can also be used to reveal the possible metabolic mechanisms of action of the extract components in vivo.     

气相色谱-质谱结合活数据库法测定煤直接液化加氢改质油中C7C9馏分的组成

采用中心切割二维气相色谱,以PONA色谱柱为一维预分析柱与氢火焰离子检测器连接,以DB-35MS色谱柱为二维分析柱与MS连接,对煤直接液化加氢改质油中C7~C9馏分进行了分离与分析,并将质谱谱库检索和活数据库法相结合对60种组分进行了定性分析。同时采用标准物质和烃类化合物在PONA柱上的保留规律对上述定性结果作了验证。还采用面积归一化方法对油样中各化合物进行了定量分析和碳数分布以及族组成分析,其中C8及C9的化合物含量分别为32.3%和51.7%,主要族组成为环烷烃(77.3%)和正构烷烃(9.63%)。     

印章印文的鉴定方法

对印章印文的鉴定方法进行了综述,内容包括显微镜观察印文特征、计算机辅助人工比对、印油的渗散程度测定和仪器分析方法(包括紫外-可见导数光谱法、荧光光谱法、红外光谱法、拉曼光谱法、薄层色谱法、液相色谱法、气相色谱法和质谱法)等(引用文献64篇)。     

Current knowledge on the extraction,purification, identification,and validation of bioactive peptides from seaweed

Seaweed (macroalgae) is considered as a sustainable bioresource rich in high-quality nutrients such as protein. Seaweed protein can be used as an alternative to other protein sources. Furthermore, these proteins are natural reservoirs of bioactive peptides (BAPs) associated with various health benefits such as antioxidant, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic activities. However, seaweed-derived BAPs remain underexploited due to challenges that arise during protein extraction from algal biomass. Coupled with this, limited proteomic information exists regarding certain seaweed species. This review highlights the current state of the art of seaweed protein extraction techniques, e.g., liquid, ultrasound, microwave, pulsed electric field, and high hydrostatic pressure assisted extraction. The review also focuses on the enzymatic hydrolysis of seaweed proteins and characterization of the resultant hydrolysates/peptides using electrophoretic and chromatographic techniques. This includes reference to methods employed for separation, fractionation, and purification of seaweed BAPs, as well as the methodologies used for identification, e.g., analysis by mass spectrometry. Furthermore, a bioinformatics or in silico approach to aid discovery of seaweed BAPs is discussed herein. Based on the information available to date, it is suggested that further research is required in this area for the development of seaweed BAPs for nutraceutical applications.     

自动化质谱图解卷积和鉴定系统用于鉴定含痕量杂原子的石油馏分（英文）

Here we present a simple yet effective gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identification approach for the detection of heteroatom-containing compounds (HACCs) in petroleum fractions. The MS/AMDIS (Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System) program was used to identify parts per million (ppm) HACC concentrations in petroleum fractions in place of traditional techniques (extraction and standard injection). Polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (S-PAHs) were used as model compounds to confirm the validity of the AMDIS identifiers, which were compared with extracted results using the off-line X-calibur software. AMDIS was able to identify ppm concentrations of S-PAHs in oil condensate. There was good agreement between experimental and AMDIS identification results for S-PAHs in oil condensate. AMDIS was also used to detect nitrogen-containing compounds (NCCs) and alkylphenols in oil condensate. Our results confirmed the presence of 2-methylbenzothiazole, carbazole, and 2,4-ditertbutyl phenol. In a crude oil sample, AMDIS identification of m/z=191 biomarkers was consistent with empirical results. Therefore, AMDIS can help to reduce the number of experimental steps in identification protocols.     

系列甘露糖醛酸寡糖的制备与鉴定

用酸降解法制备了系列甘露糖醛酸寡糖(聚合度2～8),并分析测定了寡糖的结构. 褐藻胶经部分酸水解,于pH=2.85处分级获得聚甘露糖醛酸. 继续用酸降解法降解聚甘露糖醛酸,经凝胶柱层析分离纯化,获得系列甘露糖醛酸寡糖. 用荧光标记糖电泳(FACE)对寡糖进行了分析,并用电喷雾离子化质谱(ESI-MS)、 核磁共振波谱(NMR)及红外光谱(FTIR)进行了结构表征. 本研究用酸降解法制备饱和甘露糖醛酸寡糖,用凝胶柱层析法分离获得系列聚合度的寡糖,为褐藻胶大分子构效关系研究和药物的筛选与发现提供了重要的基础资料.     

气相色谱-质谱数据的后处理

气相色谱-质谱(gaschromatography/massspectrometry)以其优异的分离定性特点,被广泛地应用于分析复杂混合物中的挥发性组分。然而,其质谱图会包含一些来自于离子源污染物、柱流失物、基质干扰物所产生的离子,导致定性准确性降低。在分析复杂基质中的痕量物质时,这一现象尤为突出。例如,在食品中农药多残留的分析中,为了确保各种极性的农药都有很好的回收,样本中的基质就会不可避免地被引入检测过程中,对目标化合物的质谱图产生严重的干扰。同时某些保留时间相近的化合物的质谱图也会叠加在一起,互相干扰。这些问题的存在使农药确认变得更为困难。因此,通过对质谱数据的后处理,将目标化合物的质谱图从原始谱图中提取出来,根据新建的"纯净"的质谱图对目标化合物进行确证将更有实际应用价值。