同步辐射X射线衍射增强CT方法研究

本文将同步辐射硬X射线衍射增强成像方法应用于材料无损检测CT方法中（简称衍射增强CT法）,并对自制样品进行投影成像重建,获得了非常清晰的样品内部结构图像,并与样品的单晶吸收成像CT重建结果进行对比.结果表明,对于吸收系数相近的结构材料,衍射增强CT法可得到更好的物质内部边界.     

Coincidence Imaging and interference with coherent Gaussian beams

we present a theoretical study of coincidence imaging and interference with coherent Gaussian beams. The equations for the coincidence image formation and interference fringes are derived, from which it is clear that the imaging is due to the corresponding focusing in the two paths. The quality and visibility of the images and fringes can be high simultaneously. The nature of the coincidence imaging and interference between quantum entangled photon pairs and coherent Gaussian beams are different. The coincidence image with coherent Gaussian beams is due to intensity-intensity correspondence, a classical nature, while that with entangled photon pairs is due to the amplitude correlation a quantum nature. Selected from Acta Sinica Quantum Optica, 2005, 11(4)(in Chinese)     

大口径宽视场双波段扫描红外相机光学设计

通过分析计算,设计了一种大口径宽视场折射式红外相机光学系统。该系统设计用于超长线阵扫描红外相机的地面演示成像,它能同时对短波2μm—3μm、中波3μm—4.5μm双波段成像,且同时具有24°的大视场和150mm的宽口径,成像质量接近衍射极限。该系统在航天遥感领域应用广泛。     

红外动态图像生成技术概念研究

红外动态图像生成技术的基本概念包括基本术语及其定义。为了描述红外动态图像生成技术的特性,通常采用如光源类型、光谱波段、阵列规模、空间分辨率、填充因子、时间常数、帧频、闪烁、温度范围、串扰、均匀性、发射率、辐射对比度、动态范围、温度分辨率、调制传递函数、几何畸变及最大温度和最大辐射强度等概念。介绍了描述红外动态图像生成系统性能的基本概念的定义。转换器的指标定义对于转换器的设计和性能指标的测试都有重要的意义。     

成像光谱技术的研究与发展

成像光谱技术是20世纪70年代末发展起来的一项新型航天航空遥感技术。综述了成像光谱技术的发展背景,在海洋、大气、植被、地质研究等领域的应用现状。介绍了成像光谱技术的几种主要分类、各种类型的特点以及国内外具有代表性的方案。提出了大孔径干涉型成像光谱仪的原理,并展示了攻关样机和实验数据。     

表面等离子体平面金属透镜及其应用

由于衍射极限的存在,传统光学透镜成像分辨率理论上只能达到入射光波长的一半。通过恢复和增强携带物体细部特征信息的高频倏逝波,基于表面等离子体的平面金属透镜有望突破这种光学衍射极限,实现超分辨成像。本文对平面薄膜式与纳米结构式两类平面金属透镜进行了综述,详细介绍了若干典型平面金属透镜的结构设计、工作机理及其聚焦性能,并对其特点与存在的问题进行了分析与讨论。由于光波在金属中传播时存在一定损耗,如何更高效地增强高频倏逝波信号并转换成传播波,使其参与成像,以更好地实现远场超分辨成像,以及如何进一步增大近场超高分辨率聚焦光斑焦深以及减小远场聚焦光斑尺寸,是表面等离子体平面金属透镜进一步研究的重点。     

剪切光束成像技术对纵深目标的成像

剪切光束成像技术是一种能透过大气湍流对远距离目标实现高分辨率成像的主动成像技术.现有相关研究中所采用的目标均为二维平面目标,然而现实中的目标一般都具有三维形貌,目标纵深对回波信号产生的延迟或对成像质量产生不利影响.从剪切光束成像理论出发,在二维目标成像模型的基础上建立了三维纵深目标成像模型,并利用该模型研究了两剪切光与参考光间的频差及目标纵深对成像的影响.仿真结果表明,随着拍频的增大,重构图像质量逐渐下降.剪切光束成像技术可通过减小拍频来提高真实目标成像质量.     

MALDI-MS of drugs: Profiling,imaging, and steps towards quantitative analysis

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is a soft ionization technique which can be used in mass spectrometry to produce ions from biomolecules without inducing the fragmentation associated with traditional methods of ionization. When used with small molecules, the lack of fragmentation allows identification of specific molecules against a background of alternative signals; thus, for example, the presence of drug molecules and metabolites can be distinguished from a range of alternative biomolecules present within a tissue sample. Using highly collimated lasers in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) allows imaging of a tissue sample whereby the laser is rastered across the sample and individual mass spectra are collected in a serial manner. Thus, the distribution of the molecules within the tissue sample can be presented in the form of a 2D image. While the detection of specific drug molecules and metabolites within biological samples has its uses, quantification of those same molecules would be of greater benefit in a clinical setting. However, accurate quantification presents additional challenges. We present an overview of the MALDI-MS technique followed by recent progress in profiling drugs and their metabolites through imaging drug distributions within tissues and finish with recent developments in the quantification of drugs in tissues by MALDI-MSI.     

Time and direction of arrival detection and filtering for imaging in strongly scattering random media

We study detection and imaging of small reflectors in heavy clutter, using an array of transducers that emits and receives sound waves. Heavy clutter means that multiple scattering of the waves in the heterogeneous host medium is strong and overwhelms the arrivals from the small reflectors. Building on the adaptive time-frequency filter of [Borcea et al, SIIMS 2011;4(3)], we propose a robust method for detecting the direction of arrival of the direct echoes from the small reflectors, and suppressing the unwanted clutter backscatter. This improves the resolution of imaging. We illustrate the performance of the method with realistic numerical simulations in a non-destructive testing setup.     

基于扫描相机的激光三维成像研究

随着条纹管器件技术的发展,条纹管作为瞬态光学器件的应用不再局限于高速摄影和光谱学研究领域。建立以单狭缝条纹管为核心器件的扫描相机激光成像系统,对目标进行推扫成像,获得原始条纹图像,并进行特征数据提取和三维重建。理论计算出的两目标的距离差与实际距离差较接近,从而验证采用该系统作激光雷达成像的可行性。实验结果表明,基于扫描相机激光雷达具有高分辨率,具有较好的应用前景。