High-performance optics for thermal microscopy

We have developed a thermal microscope which has an InSb detector and optics optimized for the camera. Using this system, we evaluated maximum resolution of a 30×/numerical aperture 0.71 lens made of silicon and germanium, and achieved the cutoff frequency of around 300 line pairs/mm, which is almost a diffraction-limited performance. The thermal microscope is installed on the THEMOS-1000, a product of Hamamatsu Photonics, for thermal emission analysis.     

直线阵光学综合孔径成像中的子孔径尺寸效应

光学综合孔径阵列中的子孔径的位置和直径的大小对成像质量有着重要的影响。详细分析了几种不同优化排列的光学综合孔径直线阵列的无像差点扩展函数、光学传递函数和衍射成像特性．结果表明,子孔径的位置不同．光学传递函数的空间频率覆盖有很大的差异。增大子孔径的直径可以增大空间频率覆盖程度．但子孔径直径过大时义会产生空间频率冗余度和增加制造成本。直线阵光学综合孔径的衍射成像是多重像,子孔径直径的增大还可以减小重影的程度,提高成像质量。结果说明,在进行光学综合孔径阵列优化排列时必须考虑子孔径的直径大小这个重耍的因素。     

小波图像融合在太赫兹无损检测中的应用

玻璃纤维增强复合材料被广泛应用于航天、航空及其他军民各领域,它在制备和使用过程中通常会出现多个缺陷。太赫兹时域光谱成像技术有望成为玻璃纤维增强复合材料无损检测的有力补充手段。在太赫兹时域光谱成像过程中,可以选取时域或频域波形中的不同参数来进行成像。对于不同的缺陷,能够有效地对其进行检测的参数是不一样的。采用基于小波分解的图像融合方法将多幅不同参数获取的太赫兹反射图像结合起来,得到一幅包含所有缺陷信息的新图像。研究表明,基于小波分解的图像融合方法在太赫兹无损检测中的应用,能够获取单一参数成像无法检测的缺陷信息,为复合材料太赫兹图像后期处理提供了新的技术方法。     

Novel metrics and methodology for the characterisation of 3D imaging systems

The modelling, benchmarking and selection process for non-contact 3D imaging systems relies on the ability to characterise their performance. Characterisation methods that require optically compliant artefacts such as matt white spheres or planes, fail to reveal the performance limitations of a 3D sensor as would be encountered when measuring a real world object with problematic surface finish. This paper reports a method of evaluating the performance of 3D imaging systems on surfaces of arbitrary isotropic surface finish, position and orientation. The method involves capturing point clouds from a set of samples in a range of surface orientations and distances from the sensor. Point clouds are processed to create a single performance chart per surface finish, which shows both if a point is likely to be recovered, and the expected point noise as a function of surface orientation and distance from the sensor. In this paper, the method is demonstrated by utilising a low cost pan-tilt table and an active stereo 3D camera. Its performance is characterised by the fraction and quality of recovered data points on aluminium isotropic surfaces ranging in roughness average (Ra) from 0.09 to 0.46 µm at angles of up to 55° relative to the sensor over a distances from 400 to 800 mm to the scanner. Results from a matt white surface similar to those used in previous characterisation methods contrast drastically with results from even the dullest aluminium sample tested, demonstrating the need to characterise sensors by their limitations, not just best case performance.     

静态可透光障碍物对鬼成像影响的实验研究

理论分析鬼成像的抗干扰原理;分别用塑料泡膜和装满自来水的矿泉水瓶作为障碍物,放置在物体与桶探测器之间,进行静态可透光障碍物对鬼成像影响的实验研究,结果表明障碍物对成像几乎不产生影响,这种成像方式确实具有一定的抗干扰特性。     

近红外高光谱图像结合CARS算法对鸭梨SSC含量定量测定

高光谱数据量大、 维数高且原始光谱噪声明显、 散射严重等特征导致光谱建模时关键波长变量提取困难。 基于此,提出采用竞争性自适应重加权算法(CARS)对近红外高光谱数据进行关键变量选择。 鸭梨作为研究对象。 采用决定系数r2、 预测均方根误差RMSEP和验证集标准偏差和预测集标准偏差的比值RPD值进行模型性能评估。 基于选择的关键变量建立PLS模型(CARS-PLS)与全光谱变量建立的PLS模型进行比较发现CARS-PLS模型仅仅使用原始变量中15.6%的信息获得了比全变量PLS模型更好的鸭梨SSC含量预测结果,r2_pre,RMSEP和RPD分别为0.908 2,0.312 0和3.300 5。 进一步与基于蒙特卡罗无信息变量MC-UVE和遗传算法(GA)获得的特征变量建立的PLS模型比较发现,CARS不仅可以去除原始光谱数据中的无信息变量,同时也能够对共线性的变量进行压缩去除,该方法能够有效地用于高光谱数据变量的选择。 结果表明,近红外高光谱技术结合CARS-PLS模型能够用于鸭梨可溶性固形物SSC含量的定量预测。 从而为基于近红外高光谱技术预测水果内部品质的研究提供了参考。     

先进焦平面与光谱成像技术现状

深入分析先进的焦平面技术和光谱成像技术的发展趋势,为探测器及光谱成像仪的研究提供参考。对光谱成像技术的现状和发展趋势、焦平面技术、先进焦平面技术对光谱成像系统技术的推动作用三个方面进行详细的分析总结,认为焦平面技术向着高性能、大规模面阵规格、高灵敏度、宽谱响应的方向发展;并推动光谱成像系统向着高分辨率、宽幅、多波段、更短重访周期和简化系统方向发展。成像光谱仪的发展趋势和需求指明焦平面技术的发展方向,同时焦平面技术的发展也会引领成像光谱仪系统进步和革新。     

Early experiences in establishing a regional quantitative imaging network for PET/CT clinical trials

The Seattle Cancer Care Alliance (SCCA) is a Pacific Northwest regional network that enables patients from community cancer centers to participate in multicenter oncology clinical trials where patients can receive some trial-related procedures at their local center. Results of positron emission tomography (PET) scans performed at community cancer centers are not currently used in SCCA Network trials since clinical trials customarily accept results from only trial-accredited PET imaging centers located at academic and large hospitals. Oncologists would prefer the option of using standard clinical PET scans from Network sites in multicenter clinical trials to increase accrual of patients for whom additional travel requirements for imaging are a barrier to recruitment. In an effort to increase accrual of rural and other underserved populations to Network trials, researchers and clinicians at the University of Washington, SCCA and its Network are assessing the feasibility of using PET scans from all Network sites in their oncology clinical trials. A feasibility study is required because the reproducibility of multicenter PET measurements ranges from approximately 3% to 40% at national academic centers. Early experiences from both national and local PET phantom imaging trials are discussed, and next steps are proposed for including patient PET scans from the emerging regional quantitative imaging network in clinical trials. There are feasible methods to determine and characterize PET quantitation errors and improve data quality by either prospective scanner calibration or retrospective post hoc corrections. These methods should be developed and implemented in multicenter clinical trials employing quantitative PET imaging of patients.     

Automated phase correction via maximization of the real signal

Due to improved quantification capabilities and enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), phase-corrected real reconstruction in magnetic resonance imaging is superior to the common magnitude reconstruction, especially at low SNR. This requires the development of an automated phase-correction algorithm. Existing methods are not well suited for multiple unconnected regions of very low SNR. For this situation, a method based on the real-signal maximization is implemented, in which the experimental image phase is approximated by a three-dimensional polynomial of up to third order. The presented implementation was successfully applied to data originating from different samples and pulse sequences.     

Two-dimensional spectroscopic imaging for pretreatment evaluation of prostate cancer: comparison with the step-section histology after radical prostatectomy

Purpose

To minimize user and vendor dependence of the spectrum processing of prostate spectra, to measure the ratio of choline (Cho) plus creatine (Cr) to citrate (Cit) in the prostate tissue of normal volunteers and cancer patients, and to compare the results with pathologic findings after radical prostatectomy.

Materials and methods

Four healthy volunteers and 13 patients with prostate cancer were measured. Measurements were performed using two-dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and endorectal coil. A standard vendor's spectrum processing approach has been modified. An original feature of this methodology was the combination of vendor-optimized and user-independent spectrum preprocessing in the scanner and user-independent quantitation in the environment of an MRUI software package. (Cho+Cr)/Cit ratio was used for the classification of prostate tissue. Results were compared with histopathology after radical prostatectomy.

Results

Eight of 13 cancer patients were classified as suspicious or very suspicious for cancer at spectroscopy, three were ambiguous for cancer and two patients were evaluated as false negative. A considerable overlap of metabolite ratios at various Gleason score was found.

Conclusion

The proposed spectrum processing has the potential to improve the accuracy and user independency of the (Cho+Cr)/Cit quantitation. This study confirmed the previous results that a considerable overlap of (Cho+Cr)/Cit ratios exists at various Gleason score levels.