The Effect of ZrO2 Interphase on Interfacial Frictional Stresses in SiC/ZrO2/SiCf Composites

Two types of SiC fiber tows (Hi-Nicalon? and Hi-Nicalon S?) were coated with stabilized ZrO₂ and composited using preceramic polymer impregnation pyrolysis to form SiC/SiC_f minicomposites. Properties of the fiber/matrix interface in composites were investigated using the indentation method in which a pyramidal indenter was used to push on an individual fiber and cause sliding at the interface. The interfacial frictional stresses were determined from the force–displacement relation. The composites reinforced by the ZrO₂-coated fibers have smaller interfacial frictional stresses than composites reinforced by the initial fibers and show fibers sliding relatively more easily with respect to the SiC matrix.     

Influence of material processing and interface on the fiber fragmentation process in titanium matrix composites

The objective of this work is to study the effect of composite processing conditions on the nature of the fiber–matrix interface in titanium matrix composites and the resulting fragmentation behavior of the fiber. Titanium matrix, single fiber composites (SFCs) were fabricated by diffusion bonding and tensile tested along the fiber axis to determine their interfacial load transfer characteristics and the resulting fiber fragmentation behavior. Two different titanium alloys, Ti-6Al-4V (wt%) and Ti-14Al-21Nb (wt%), were used as matrix material with SiC (SCS-6) fibers as reinforcement. The tensile tests were conducted at ambient temperature and were continuously monitored by acoustic emission. It was observed that the Ti-6Al-4V/SCS-6 composite system exhibited a greater degree of fiber–matrix interfacial reaction, as well as a rougher interface, compared to Ti-14Al-21Nb/SCS-6 composites. Acoustic emissions during tensile testing showed that most of the fiber fractures in Ti-6Al-4V/SCS-6 occurred at strains below ～5% and the fragmentation ceased at ～10% strain corresponding to specimen necking. In contrast, the Ti-14Al-21Nb/SCS-6 composite deformed without necking and fiber fractures occurred throughout the plastic range until final fracture of the specimen at about 12% strain. The markedly different fragmentation characteristics of these two composites were attributed to differences in the fiber–matrix interfacial regions and matrix deformation behavior.     

Assessment of interface deformation and fracture in metal matrix composites under transverse loading conditions

The transverse properties of unidirectional metal matrix composites (MMCs) are dominated by the fiber/matrix interfacial properties, residual stresses and matrix mechanical response. In order to monitor and study, in situ, the failure of interfaces in titanium-based composites subjected to transverse loading conditions, an ultrasonic imaging technique has been developed. The interface was imaged ultrasonically and the change in ultrasonic amplitude with the transverse loading was monitored, indicating the sensitivity of the technique to fracture and deformation of interfaces. This change in amplitude has been explained in terms of the multiple reflection theory of ultrasonic waves. The multiple reflection theory enabled estimation of the interfacial deformation and debonding as a function of loading. The ultrasonic technique was also used in conjunction with finite element modeling in order to quantify the fiber/matrix interfacial transverse strength in situ in MMCs.     

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本文以ANSYS软件为平台建立了近底床钢管-混凝土单层悬跨海管有限元模型,综合应用PIPE59单元、MATRIX27单元和COMBIN40单元模拟了管内流体流动引起的科氏力、离心力以及海管与底床的弹性接触,计算了不同悬跨长度下的海管位移、应力及固有频率,通过与工程常用规范对照,验证了模型的正确性。研究表明,应用ANSYS软件可模拟近底床悬跨海管在内流、外流共同作用下的位移、应力及固有频率,本文建模方法便于工程应用。     

矩形域上离散解二维Poisson方程的推广Fourier分析法

本文考虑在矩形域上解二维Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ方程边值问题的推广Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ分析法，边值问题的边界条件为一对边周期条件，另两边为Ｄｉｒｉｃｈｌｅｔ条件，或一边Ｄｉｒｉｃｈｌｅｔ条件、一边Ｎｅｕｍａｎｎ条件．这两个边值问题分别用五点差分格式和九点差分格式逼近，而在解离散的线性方程组时采用推广的Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ分析法．理论分析和数值试验表明：（ｉ）九点差分格式比五点差分格式精确，而计算量增加不多；（ｉｉ）推广的Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ分析法比通常的Ｆｏｕｒｌｅｒ分析法［１］优越，无论在计算时间或存贮量均较节省。     

Predicting Interfacial Strengthening Behaviour of Particulate-Reinforced MMC — A Micro-mechanistic Approach

The fracture properties of particulate-reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs) are influenced by several factors, such as particle size, inter-particle spacing and volume fraction of the reinforcement. In addition, complex microstructural mechanisms, such as precipitation hardening induced by heat treatment processing, affect the fracture toughness of MMCs. Precipitates that are formed at the particle/matrix interface region, lead to improvement of the interfacial strength, and hence enhancement of the macroscopic strength properties of the composite material. In this paper, a micro-mechanics model, based on thermodynamics principles, is proposed to determine the fracture strength of the interface at a segregated state in MMCs. This model uses energy considerations to express the fracture toughness of the interface in terms of interfacial critical strain energy release rate and elastic modulus. The interfacial fracture toughness is further expressed as a function of the macroscopic fracture toughness and mechanical properties of the composite, using a toughening mechanism model based on crack deflection and interface cracking. Mechanical testing is also performed to obtain macroscopic data, such as the fracture strength, elastic modulus and fracture toughness of the composite, which are used as input to the model. Based on the experimental data and the analysis, the interfacial strength is determined for SiC particle-reinforced aluminium matrix composites subjected to different heat treatment processing conditions.     

Continuum Micro-mechanics of Estimating Interfacial Shear Strength in Short Fiber Composites

A new continuum approach to micro-mechanics of short fiber composites yielded two separate methods of estimating the apparent interfacial shear strength and fiber orientation efficiency. The methods exploit the compilation of the effects of fiber length distribution and interfacial shear strength on strengthening efficiency into a function of strain. The In-Built Method derives a unique combination of apparent interfacial shear strength and fiber orientation efficiency being able to reproduce the experimental stress–strain curve of a short fiber reinforced composite with a very low residual standard deviation. The Boundary Method accomplishes rapid interfacial shear strength screening in materials selection by constructing and utilizing the proposed selection chart.     

A Fiber-Bundle Pull-out Test for Surface-Modified Glass Fibers in GF/Polyester Composite

The development of high-performance polymer composites is tightly bound with the functional surface modification of reinforcements. A new method, based on the principle of the fiber-bundle pull-out test, is proposed to analyze the interfacial properties between the long fibers in the form of a bundle and the polymer matrix. Specimen geometry and a test fixture were designed using finite element analysis. The method was verified for unsized and sized glass fibers embedded in polyester resin to demonstrate its applicability for a wide range of adhesion between fibers and the polymer matrix. The pull-out test can be used for a relative comparison of different surface modifications if the bundle geometry is unknown. The results of high reproducibility and sensitivity for interfacial properties make the method attractive.     

A study on ultramicrohardness distribution near interfaces between reinforcement and matrix in some aluminum matrix composites

The ultramicrohardness distribution near the interface in the matrix of some aluminum matrix composites is investigated. The results show that, in metal matrix composites (MMCs), with increase in distance to the reinforcement–matrix interface the ultramicrohardness presents a progressively decreased gradient distribution in the matrix. The non-uniform distribution degree (NDD) can be defined by the ratio between the maximum hardness near the interface and the average hardness far away from the interface. The relative dimension of the gradient distribution area (RDGDA) can be defined by the ratio between the absolute dimension of the gradient distribution area (ADGDA) and the reinforcement size. The NDD varies to a great extent, of the order of 1.45–10.0, which is strongly related to the composite system (reinforcement size, morphology, interspaces, matrix composition), fabrication condition and heat treatment. The RDGDA is about 0.2–2.0. A larger reinforcement size and angular shape of reinforcement would lead to a higher NDD and smaller RDGDA. In addition, adding proper elements into the matrix, lowering fabrication temperature, increasing cooling rate and carrying out thermal cycling would result in a lower NDD. But the aging treatment would produce a larger NDD.     

液/液界面的电化学阻抗谱测量Ⅰ: 四电极系统中各类界面阻抗的分析

本文系统地研究了将阻抗谱技术应用于液/液界面电化学领域时所出现的问题。提出了四电极系统中液/液界面交流阻抗的表达式。从理论上分析了电解池参数和仪器输入参数对所得交流阻抗曲线的影响。