Comparison of two methods for the extraction of fat from human milk

We compared two methods for the extraction of fat from human milk. Pure fat extraction techniques are necessary for qualitative and quantitative analysis of milk fat, of which triglycerides account for more than 98%. Method I was a conventional liquid-liquid system for the fat extraction while method II was a faster approach using a haematocrit technique. No significant differences were observed between both methods neither in the fat content determined gravimetrically, nor in qualitative and quantitative analysis of triglycerides by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with evaporative light-scattering detection (ELSD). We conclude that method II offers substantial advantages over the conventional method (method I). The former requires less reagents and material and is simpler and less time-consuming (approximately 30 min instead of 90 min). Therefore, a new method will make it possible to extract fat of more human milk in the same time.     

Two problematic human polymorphic Alu insertions

Analysis of two previously described polymorphic Alu insertions (Sb19.3 and NBC3) in world-wide human populations generated genotypic frequencies grossly in violation of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations. GenBank searches at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and sequencing analyses revealed that samples homozygous for the Sb19.3 Alu insertion amplify a band indistinguishable in size to the lack of insertion amplicon, corresponding to a paralogous locus on chromosome 4. This locus displays a very similar sequence (84%) to that flanking the Sb19.3 Alu insertion located at chromosome 19. Moreover, we have determined that NBC3, a different Alu insertion, is not located in the pseudoautosomal region of the Y-chromosome, as previously reported, but in position Yq11.2. Also, the band that mimics the lack of insertion amplicon corresponds to a paralogous locus located at chromosome X with a similarity of 92% to the sequence flanking the NBC3 Alu insertion. Finally, the utilization of newly designed primers avoided amplification from the paralogous loci and allowed a reliable assignation of genotypes for both loci. Unlike previously reported, using our new primers the Y-specific locus NBC3 was found not to be polymorphic in the populations analyzed.     

Effects of DNA secondary structure on oligonucleotide probe binding efficiency

Secondary structure motifs in nucleic acid probes generally impair intended hybridization reactions and so efforts to predict and avoid such structures are commonly employed in probe design schemes. Another key facet of probe design that has received much less attention, however, is that secondary structure at targeted probe binding site regions may also impair hybridization. Thus, evaluation of both probe and target site secondary structures together should improve hybridization prediction and design effectiveness. Several challenges confound this goal, including imperfect empirical rules and parameters underlying predictions and the fact that folding algorithms scale poorly with respect to sequence length. Here, we attempt to quantify the consequences of target site structure on predicted hybridization using sequences sampled from the human genome. We also provide a methodology for choosing a reasonable “window size” around target sites that is as small as possible without compromising folding algorithm prediction accuracy.     

人类染色体中的微切割与微克隆技术

微切割、微克隆是分子生物学的一项新技术，它对于基因的标记与分离、DNA文库的重组及遗传图谱的绘制都发挥着重要作用．笔者介绍了这项技术在人类染色体中的应用情况．     

三维人体建模技术探讨

对当今广为应用的线框模型、体模型和曲面模型等传统的三维人体建模方法进行了研究和分析 ,并探讨了基于物理特性的人体建模技术     

现代主义文学唤醒沉睡的人性

中国传统文化的自身缺陷导致了传统文学中人性的缺失,在作家笔下性成了被压抑的对象,人成了道德化、畸形化了的人,人性在文本中得到扭曲。随着西方现代主义文学渐趋渗透,许多文化先驱接受了这一理论,并指导他们的文本创作,打破了传统文本创作的禁区,以一种更理性、更接近人自身的方式书写人性,唤醒了沉睡已久的性意识,从而使文学中对人性的探讨更趋于完善与全面。     

人类基因组计划及后基因组研究概论

综述了人类基因组计划及后基因组研究概况，指出该研究将对21世纪的生命科学和人类生活产生巨大的影响，尤其在医疗保健领域意义深远，并展望了其发展前景．     

大中型企业人力资源管理系统分析与实现

文章以大中型企业为例，阐述了在人力资源系统设计中采用的技术和方法，以及对人力资源系统进行系统总体设计的经验。     

论自然灾害防御的理性措施

人与自然的不协调发展导致了自然灾害发生频次的不断上升。为了保护人居环境、拓展并良化人类生存空间，作者在对自然灾害分类形容的基础上，根据自然灾害发生原因中人为成份不断增加的实际，提出了防御自然灾害的理性措施。     

新马克思主义文艺学:本体论的新拓展--王元骧文学原理的哲学思考之三

本体论的新拓展是王元骧新马克思主义文艺学的组成部分之三,也是王元骧文学原理的哲学思考之三。本文由自然本体论、人类本体论和生命本体论三大系列建构而成。而其中的生命本体论源于康德的人类本体论,是叔本华的意志哲学/生命本体论关于原始欲望、本能冲动的“生命意志”学理。王元骧不仅将它引进新马克思主义文艺学,而且还把狄尔泰的生命哲学美学、叔本华的悲剧理念和尼采的强力意志等合理内核借鉴到新马克思主义文艺学,对以前很少问津的本体论予以新拓展。这是王元骧文学原理的哲学思考之后的超越。