平原河网地区设计暴雨方法探讨

在我国，传统设计暴雨方法仅适用于山区性流域，目前平原河网地区的设计暴雨仍是难题，这严重影响了设计洪水计算的精度。结合太湖流域的水文特点，在太湖流域防洪规划中研究提出适合平原河网地区的同频率典型降雨与分类下垫面产流方法相结合的太湖流域设计暴雨方法，简要介绍了该方法的基本思路以及应用于太湖流域防洪规划的设计洪水成果实例。     

素混凝土轴压构件单位体积材料耗能公式建立

利用OpenSEES系统,基于Lazan材料阻尼与应力关系的研究理论,采用Hognestad混凝土本构关系模型及Karsan-Jirsa加卸载准则,计算素混凝土构件在轴向重复荷载作用下的滞回曲线包围面积,得到混凝土正应力作用下单位体积损耗能量.分析计算结果表明,素混凝土材料单位体积损耗能量随最大应力幅值的提高而增大,在相同最大应力幅值处混凝土强度越高,单位体积耗能越小.对结果非线性回归建立了素混凝土材料单位体积耗能与最大应力幅值及混凝土强度之间的关系式,在理论上为混凝土材料阻尼的计算提出了新的思路及方法,也为进一步准确分析其结构动力性能、进行安全经济合理的抗震设计打下基础.     

Chemical profiling approach to evaluate the influence of traditional and simplified decoction methods on the holistic quality of Da‐Huang‐Xiao‐Shi decoction using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode‐array detection and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Da‐Huang‐Xiao‐Shi decoction, consisting of Rheum officinale Baill, Mirabilitum, Phellodendron amurense Rupr. and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, is a traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of jaundice. As described in “Jin Kui Yao Lue”, a traditional multistep decoction of Da‐Huang‐Xiao‐Shi decoction was required while simplified one‐step decoction was used in recent repsorts. To investigate the chemical difference between the decoctions obtained by the traditional and simplified preparations, a sensitive and reliable approach of high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode‐array detection and electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was established. As a result, a total of 105 compounds were detected and identified. Analysis of the chromatogram profiles of the two decoctions showed that many compounds in the decoction of simplified preparation had changed obviously compared with those in traditional preparation. The changes of constituents would be bound to cause the differences in the therapeutic effects of the two decoctions. The present study demonstrated that certain preparation methods significantly affect the holistic quality of traditional Chinese medicines and the use of a suitable preparation method is crucial for these medicines to produce special clinical curative effect. This research results elucidated the scientific basis of traditional preparation methods in Chinese medicines.     

Identification and screening of chemical constituents with hepatoprotective effects from three traditional Chinese medicines for treating jaundice

The constituents with hepatoprotective activity were investigated in three traditional Chinese medicine formulae for treating jaundice, namely, Zhi‐Zi‐Da‐Huang‐Tang, Yin‐Chen‐Hao‐Tang, and Da‐Huang‐Xiao‐Shi‐Tang. By using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry, 79 chemical constituents were identified unambiguously or tentatively in three formulae based on the accurate molecular weight, mass spectrometric fragmentation behavior, and comparison with reference standards. Then the hepatoprotective activities of 27 constituents were evaluated on tert‐butylhydroperoxide‐injured BRL‐3A cells. The results indicated that 11 constituents, including protocatechic acid ( 19 ), epijasminoside A ( 56 ), rutin ( 71 ), tetrahydropalmatine ( 76 ), rhaponticin ( 80 ), 3,4‐dicaffeoylquinic acid ( 82 ), 3,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid ( 85 ), diosmetin‐7‐O‐glucoside ( 90 ), jatrorrhizine ( 93 ), berberine ( 100 ), and daidzein ( 101 ) exerted hepatoprotective activities. Interestingly, most of the crude drugs in three formulae contained hepatoprotective active constituents, and the combinations of constituents from different crude drugs exhibited greater effects. This result provided evidence to the traditional Chinese medicine theory of combining several drugs together to exert synergistic efficacy.     

麻黄非麻黄碱部分中黄酮、生物碱和有机酸的分析

对麻黄的非麻黄碱部分中的主要化学成分进行了初步研究。以芦丁为对照品、Al(NO3)3作显色剂,采用分光光度法测定了黄酮总量;以盐酸麻黄碱为对照品、溴百里香酚蓝作显色剂,通过酸性染料比色法测定了生物碱的总量。两种方法均具有快速、灵敏、重现性好的特点。并通过颜色反应鉴定了非麻黄碱部分中有机酸类的存在。研究结果为进一步研究麻黄活性成分、有效利用麻黄资源奠定了基础。     

论黄庭坚的审美理想及其与诗法之关系

自然天成的浑融之美是黄庭坚孜孜以求的审美理想,它不仅在其诗歌创作中有深刻体现,而且贯穿于诸如绘画、音乐等其他艺术门类的鉴赏中,因而代表了黄庭坚艺术思想中最核心的部分。而平时为人所重视的强调人工锻炼的“诗法”说则与此崇高的艺术理想构成了辩证的统一关系,即由人工归于自然的艺术真理。     

新建二次纤维造纸企业建设项目对区域水环境影响的预测

二次纤维回收再利用是解决当前造纸工业原料短缺、能源紧张等问题的有效途径，但由于其废水排放量大，对当地水环境造成一定的影响。本文以江西省宜黄县为研究区域，以拟新建的年产10万吨白板纸厂项目为例，通过模型计算研究其对水环境的影响，论证在该地区发展二次纤维造纸企业的可行性。     

山东北部滨海平原高氟区地下水硒含量地球化学特征

硒是影响人体健康的重要生命元素,水中硒和氟含量具有较强的关联性,山东北部滨海平原区地下水氟含量较高,但硒含量地球化学特征尚未有详细的报道。本文选定卜庄镇为研究对象,系统分析了地下水硒含量,结果表明:地下水硒含量为1.43~15.60μg/L,平均值为6.23μg/L,仅王卢村硒含量超过地下水标准(10μg/L),有8个村庄地下水硒含量超过5μg/L。该区除金山村外,地下水氟含量超标,但硒和氟无显著相关性,表明该区地下水硒富集和氟富集动力存在差异。地球化学指标表明该区地下水受到海水入侵浸染,与未受浸染的参照样品相比,该区地下水硒含量明显升高。地下水硒含量与p H无显著相关性,与Fe、溶解固体总量、Cl~-、Br~-、Na~+、Mg~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)显著正相关,海水入侵引起的离子竞争吸附和高的Na-MgSO_4~(2-)矿物是影响该区地下水硒含量变化的重要动力。     

平原河道桥墩阻水比与壅水特性关系

针对平原地区河道桥墩壅水问题,采用数值模拟方法,以阻水比α为控制参数,按照产生机制和影响范围的不同,从墩前冲高和桥前壅高两方面考虑桥墩壅水效应。墩前冲高的影响范围由河道断面水位壅高变异系数确定,在高阻水比(α7%)情况下,其影响范围相对集中在桥墩附近;对于桥前壅高,以防洪工程中起重要作用的断面平均壅高为表征变量,分析无量纲的相对壅高βyg及最大壅高点距桥墩的相对距离λyg与阻水比之间的关系。结果表明:在高阻水比时,最大壅高位置出现在墩前4~5倍墩宽处,且阻水比的增加会导致桥前最大壅高迅速增大和壅水影响范围的持续扩大;阻水比7%是平原河道桥前水位壅高特性的重要分界点,故大中型桥梁工程的阻水比以不大于7%为宜。     

开封市城市竞争力演变研究

在中原城市群和郑汴一体化迅速发展的背景下,构建了城市综合竟争力评价指标体系,利用因子分析法测算了开封市2002年和2007年的城市综合竞争力得分,并以中原城市群其他7个地级市作为比较.数据显示,5年间开封市的城市综合竟争力总体呈上升趋势,但在中原城市群中排名还是比较低,综合竞争力不强,还需大大提升.