食管癌术后食管狭窄形成机制及治疗方法

食管癌术后吻合口狭窄一直以来都是外科棘手的问题,严重地影响了患者的生理和心理健康,文章综述了食管癌术后吻合口狭窄的形成机制、狭窄分级以及在预防、治疗方面取得的一些研究。     

广西肝癌中HBV感染与N-ras基因突变的研究

应用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ和免疫组化法检测２９例广西南部肝癌组织中的Ｎ－ｒａｓ基因突变和ＨＢＶ感染状况，结果，肝癌中Ｎ－ｒａｓ基因在第２￣３７密码子之间的突变率为７９．３％，其中２２例有２￣５个突变位点，该基因突变也见于癌旁组织，肝组织中ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｘＡｇ检出率分别为８６．２％和７９．３％，两者具有相关性，并与Ｎ－ｒａｓ基因突变率呈相平行的趋势。因广西南部的肝癌与ＡＦＢ１污染有关，本研究     

抗人肝癌单克隆抗体JHⅢ的制备及其生物学特性

用肝癌细胞株ＢＥＬ－７４０２脾内直接免疫ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠，取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞ＳＰ２／０融合，获得一株分泌肝癌单抗的杂交瘤细胞株ＪＨⅢ，其染色体众数为９０－１１０，单抗ＪＨⅢ系ＩｇＧ２ｂ亚类。杂交瘤细胞培养上清和腹水的效价分别为１：１０＾２～１０＾３和１：１０＾６以上。ＡＢＣ法证实它对肝癌组织有较好的相关性。ＩＦＡ法也证明它对肝癌细胞ＢＥＬ－７４０２有强的阳性反应，而对其他肿瘤细胞株和肿瘤组     

Overexpression of PITPNM3 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell metastasis

A previous study indicated that C–C chemokine(C–C motif)ligand 18(CCL18)is capable of inducing tumor cell invasion and metastasis by interacting with receptor membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol transfer protein 3(PITPNM3)in breast cancer cells.The present study aims to investigate the correlation between the PITPNM3 expression and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were performed to detect the expression pattern of PITPNM3 in patient samples and HCC cell lines.Wound-healing and transwell chamber assays were performed to assess the migration and invasiveness of HCC cells,and the activation of the signaling protein downstream of PITPNM3 was also detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence.The results revealed that PITPNM3 was upregulated in HCC tissue compared to matched normal liver tissue.Silencing the expression of PITPNM3 by specific siRNAs markedly attenuated the invasive and metastatic abilities of HCC cells,whereas the upregulation of PITPNM3 significantly increased HCC cell mobility.Furthermore,inhibiting the expression of PITPNM3 suppressed the activation of Pyk2,FAK,and Src,while overexpression of PITPNM3enhanced the phosphorylation of FAK and Src in HCC cells.Besides,suppression of Pyk2 can also impair the clustering of integrin.These results imply that PITPNM3 is a vital determinant of HCC migration and invasion.     

The blooming intersection of transcatheter hepatic artery chemoembolization and nanomedicine

Transcatheter hepatic artery chemoembolization(TACE) is a universal treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) that inhibits tumor growth by cutting off the blood supply and provides chemotherapeutics locally to the tumor.The strategy of combining TACE formulation with image-guided ablation holds tremendous potential,but patient tolerance and undesired toxicity/immunosuppression remains a challenge.The application of nanotechnology in TACE opens new doors for the treatment of HCC....     

Utilization of metabolomics to identify serum biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with liver cirrhosis

Characterizing the metabolic changes pertaining to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with liver cirrhosis is believed to contribute towards early detection, treatment, and understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HCC. In this study, we compare metabolite levels in sera of 78 HCC cases with 184 cirrhotic controls by using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC–QTOF MS). Following data preprocessing, the most relevant ions in distinguishing HCC cases from patients with cirrhosis are selected by parametric and non-parametric statistical methods. Putative metabolite identifications for these ions are obtained through mass-based database search. Verification of the identities of selected metabolites is conducted by comparing their MS/MS fragmentation patterns and retention time with those from authentic compounds. Quantitation of these metabolites is performed in a subset of the serum samples (10 HCC and 10 cirrhosis) using isotope dilution by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) on triple quadrupole linear ion trap (QqQLIT) and triple quadrupole (QqQ) mass spectrometers. The results of this analysis confirm that metabolites involved in sphingolipid metabolism and phospholipid catabolism such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S-1-P) and lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC 17:0) are up-regulated in sera of HCC vs. those with liver cirrhosis. Down-regulated metabolites include those involved in bile acid biosynthesis (specifically cholesterol metabolism) such as glycochenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate (3-sulfo-GCDCA), glycocholic acid (GCA), glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), and taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDCA). These results provide useful insights into HCC biomarker discovery utilizing metabolomics as an efficient and cost-effective platform. Our work shows that metabolomic profiling is a promising tool to identify candidate metabolic biomarkers for early detection of HCC cases in high risk population of cirrhotic patients.     

Impact of diffusion-weighted MR imaging on the characterization of small hepatocellular carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not adding diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) to conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequences improves the characterization of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (≤2 cm) in the setting of cirrhotic liver compared to conventional sequences alone.

Materials and Methods

A total of 62 cirrhotic liver patients with 82 nodules smaller than 2 cm in diameter were enrolled, and all lesions were pathologically confirmed. For the first reading session, which included precontrast T1- and T2-weighted images and T1 dynamic contrast-enhanced images, preindicated lesions by a study coordinator were characterized by two radiologists. They determined the confidence levels in consensus for the presence of small HCC into four grades. In another session, respiratory-triggered diffusion-weighted MR images (b factor=50, 400 and 800 s/mm²) were added to the previously reviewed images, and the same two radiologists again determined the confidence levels. The diagnostic performance of the combined DWI–conventional sequences set and the conventional sequences alone set was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves. Sensitivity and specificity values for characterizing small HCCs were also calculated.

Results

The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the second interpretation session (0.86) was significantly higher (P=.038) than that of the first session (0.76). The sensitivity was significantly increased from 75.7% to 87.8% by adding DWI to the conventional sequences (P=.015). No significant differences were observed for specificity values.

Conclusion

Adding DWI to conventional imaging modalities improves the diagnosis of small HCCs in the cirrhotic liver in terms of diagnostic performance and sensitivity by increasing reader confidence.     

Assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma using apparent diffusion coefficient and diffusion kurtosis indices: preliminary experience in fresh liver explants

Objectives

The objective was to perform ex vivo evaluation of non-Gaussian diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) for assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including presence of treatment-related necrosis, using fresh liver explants.

Methods

Twelve liver explants underwent 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging using a DKI sequence with maximal b-value of 2000 s/mm². A standard monoexponential fit was used to calculate apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and a non-Gaussian kurtosis fit was used to calculate K, a measure of excess kurtosis of diffusion, and D, a corrected diffusion coefficient accounting for this non-Gaussian behavior. The mean value of these parameters was measured for 16 HCCs based upon histologic findings. For each metric, HCC-to-liver contrast was calculated, and coefficient of variation (CV) was computed for voxels within the lesion as an indicator of heterogeneity. A single hepatopathologist determined HCC necrosis and cellularity.

Results

The 16 HCCs demonstrated intermediate-to-substantial excess diffusional kurtosis, and mean corrected diffusion coefficient D was 23% greater than mean ADC (P=.002). HCC-to-liver contrast and CV of HCC were greater for K than ADC or D, although these differences were significant only for CV of HCCs (P≤.046). ADC, D and K all showed significant differences between non-, partially and completely necrotic HCCs (P≤.004). Among seven nonnecrotic HCCs, cellularity showed a strong inverse correlation with ADC (r=−0.80), a weaker inverse correlation with D (− 0.24) and a direct correlation with K (r= 0.48).

Conclusions

We observed non-Gaussian diffusion behavior for HCCs ex vivo; this DKI model may have added value in HCC characterization in comparison with a standard monoexponential model of diffusion-weighted imaging.     

100例鼻咽癌患者与健康人头发中微量元素含量的比较

用原子吸收和火焰光谱分析法检测鼻咽癌患者100例，并以本地区100例健康人及同期我院内科住院非肿瘤患者150例为对照组，进行头发锌、铜、铁，钙，镍等的含量进行测定，结果发现鼻咽癌患者头发中钙及镍的含量比对照组明显升高，而头发中锌、铜的含量明显降低。     

癌症患者及正常人指甲的红外光谱研究

利用傅里叶红外光谱研究了20例正常人和3例左上颌窦癌、前列腺癌、胆管癌三种癌患者手指甲的红外光谱，结果表明：癌症患者指甲样品与正常人指甲样品的红外光谱在峰形、峰强度、峰频率等方面均存在明显差异。