PHOBOS at RHIC: Some global observations

Particle production in Au+Au collisions has been measured in the PHOBOS experiment at RHIC for a range of collision energies for a large span of pseudorapidities, |η| < 5.4. Three empirical observations have emerged from this data set which require theoretical examination. First, there is clear evidence of limiting fragmentation. Namely, particle production in central Au + Au collisions, when expressed as dN/dη′ ( η′ ≡ – y_beam), becomes energy independent at high energy for a broad region of η′ around η′ = 0. This energy-independent region grows with energy, allowing only a limited region (if any) of longitudinal boost-invariance. Second, there is a striking similarity between particle production in e⁺e⁻and Au + Au collisions (scaled by the number of participating nucleon pairs). Both the total number of produced particles and the longitudinal distribution of produced particles are approximately the same in e⁺e⁻and in scaled Au + Au. This observation This presentation is based in large part on the PHOBOS summary talk by M Baker at the16th Int. Conf. on Ultrarelativistic Nucleus- Nucleus Collisions, Quark Matter 2002, Nantes, France was not predicted and has not been explained. Finally, particle production has been found to scale approximately with the number of participating nucleon pairs for (N _part ) > 65. This scaling occurs both for the total multiplicity and for highp _T particles (3 <p _T < 4.5 GeV/c). This presentation is based in large part on the PHOBOS summary talk by M Baker at the16th Int. Conf. on Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions, Quark Matter 2002, Nantes, France     

An accurate method to predict the stress concentration in composite laminates with a circular hole under tensile loading

The paper presents a theoretical-numerical hybrid method for determining the stresses distribution in composite laminates containing a circular hole and subjected to uniaxial tensile loading. The method is based upon an appropriate corrective function allowing a simple and rapid evaluation of stress distributions in a generic plate of finite width with a hole based on the theoretical stresses distribution in an infinite plate with the same hole geometry and material. In order to verify the accuracy of the method proposed, various numerical and experimental tests have been performed by considering different laminate lay-ups; in particular, the experimental results have shown that a combined use of the method proposed and the well-know point-stress criterion leads to reliable strength predictions for GFRP or CFRP laminates with a circular hole. Russian translation published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 531–570, July–August, 2007.     

Energy levels in doped SiGe quantum well studied by admittance spectroscopy

SiGe/Si quantum wells (QWs) with different Boron doping concentrations were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on p-type Si(1 0 0) substrate. The activation energies of the heavily holes in ground states of QWs, which correspond to the energy differences between the heavy hole ground states and Si valence band, were measured by admittance spectroscopy. It is found that the activation energy in a heavily doped QW increases with doping concentration, which can be understood by the band alignment changes due to the doping in the QWs. Also, it is found that the activation energy in a QW with a doping concentration of 2 × 10²⁰ cm⁻³ becomes larger after annealing at a temperature of 685 °C, which is attributed to more Boron atoms activation in the QW by annealing.     

Flow Chamber流动腔高度的数值研究

平行平板流动腔是当前研究不同切应力下细胞的变形特点的主要工具之一，通过ANSYS计算力学软件，对相同压力边界条件下不同高度的流动腔内的定常不可压粘性流体的流动进行了数值研究，发现Flow Chamber流动腔底部切应力只有在离两端有一定距离的中间部分才是均匀分布的，而在入口和出口都有比较大的跳跃，入口处的切应力值明显要大干出口处．     

金属工件内部残余应力的振动消除研究

本文针对传统的消除金属工作内部残余应力的热时效处理法的不足，从激振角度，运用材料力学、动力学中的振动理论等知识，并通过大量试验验证，研究了振动消除应力的方法－－振动时效法的原理及其有关问题。说明这种新的方法具有节能、高效等一系列优点。     

韧性金属裂纹尖端损伤区内应变场测量——数字散斑相关法应用

本文用数字散斑相关方法测量了五种不同幂硬化指数韧性金属材料(铝和铜),双边裂纹尖端细观区域内应变场.对所得结果用韧性损伤模型进行了分析.在此法中以金属自然表面结构为散斑场,不同加载状态的散斑场进行比较,得到相对变形与应变.图象之间相关性 C 是变形参数或是位移及其导数的泛函.使其相关性 C 取最大值的试凑变形即为其真实变形场.这一方法在细观测量中应用得到满意的结果.     

对煤矿岩体中固流耦合效应问题研究的探讨

本文对固流耦合效应的基本概念、基本原理进行了简单介绍。并对采动影响下邻近煤层、岩层的瓦斯向本层采空区的流动规律,以及煤和瓦斯突出的机理和发生的理论,分别作为固流耦合效应的两类不同问题进行了研究.同时提出了今后进行进一步研究的看法。     

切削刀具倒棱刃口挤压力的理论计算

根据试验观察．揭出了刀具刃口带负倒棱时的切削模型。在此模型中,刀具刃口 存在一个“金属死区”。以新模型为基础．采用能量法,对高温、高应变率下刀具刃 口的挤压力进行了理论计算。所做工作的特点是：１）在材料变形分析中计入了挤压 层金属绕过刀具刃口时的过剩变形;２）进行有关材料变形与物理特性的计算时,考 虑了温度与应变率的影响。利用新研制的压电式切削测力仪进行验证试验,其结果表 明,理论计算值与实测数据较好一致。     

圆形隧洞周边位移和地层压力预报的简便公式

应用本文所提出的公式可计算地层的初始应力和由开挖引起的洞周位移。预报公式所需要的计算数据是一组相邻测点之间的量测位移,这可通过隧洞的施工监控量测而得到。在推导这些预报公式时,著者先应用一系列的有限元和无限元等数值计算方法来模拟洞室的开挖,从而得到大量的“观测数据”。然后综合应用自动回归和解析方法,建立了实用的计算公式。这些公式使用简便且具有良好的精度。     

Potentiometric studies on the complexation equilibria between some trivalent lanthanide metal ions and biologically active 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HNATS)

Summary The chelation behaviour of some trivalent lanthanide and yttrium metal ion with biologically active 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HNATS) has been investigated by potentiomotric measurements at 20±0.5°C in 75% (v/v) dioxane-water medium at various ionic strengths of sodium perchlorate. The method of Bjerrum and Calvin, as modified by Irving and Rossotti has been used to find out the values of (average number of ligand bound per metal ion) andpL (free ligand exponent). The formation constants of metal chelates have been computed on a PC-XT computer, using a program patterned after that of Sullivan et al. to give _n values using weighted least squares method. TheS _min values (S _min =²) have been calculated. The order of formation constants of chelates was found to be: La³⁺3+3+3+3+3+3+3+3+3+. The formation constants of the chelates formed have been correlated to size and ionization potentials of the metal ions.

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Potentiometrische Untersuchungen der Komplexierungsgleichgewichte zwischen einigen trivalenten Metallionen und biologisch aktivem 2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyd-thiosemicarbazon (HNATS)

Zusammenfassung Es wurde das Chelierungsverhalten einiger trivalenter Lanthanidenionen mit biologisch aktivem 2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyd-thiosemicarbazon (HNATS) mittels potentiometrischer Messungen bei 20±0.5°C in 75% (v/v) Dioxan-Wasser bei verschiedener Ionenstärke an Natriumperchlorat untersucht. Die Methode nach Bjerrum und Calvin in der Modifikation nach Irving und Rossotti wurde zur Ermittlung der Werte (mittlere Anzahl an Liganden pro Metallion) undpL (Exponent an freiem Liganden) verwendet. Die Komplexbildungskonstanten wurden in Anlehnung an Sullivan et al. an einem PC-XT Computer errechnet. DieS _min-Werte (S _min=²) wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Die Reihung der Chelatbildungskonstanten war: La³⁺3+3+3+3+3+3+3+3+3+. Die Bildungskonstanten sind mit der Größe und dem Ionisierungspotential der Metallionen zu korrelieren.