全文获取类型
收费全文 | 25947篇 |
免费 | 2280篇 |
国内免费 | 2793篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 11392篇 |
晶体学 | 175篇 |
力学 | 3832篇 |
综合类 | 145篇 |
数学 | 621篇 |
物理学 | 3699篇 |
综合类 | 11156篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 114篇 |
2023年 | 325篇 |
2022年 | 883篇 |
2021年 | 908篇 |
2020年 | 1064篇 |
2019年 | 795篇 |
2018年 | 654篇 |
2017年 | 748篇 |
2016年 | 903篇 |
2015年 | 940篇 |
2014年 | 1139篇 |
2013年 | 1506篇 |
2012年 | 1451篇 |
2011年 | 1344篇 |
2010年 | 1023篇 |
2009年 | 1239篇 |
2008年 | 1172篇 |
2007年 | 1514篇 |
2006年 | 1408篇 |
2005年 | 1272篇 |
2004年 | 1244篇 |
2003年 | 1103篇 |
2002年 | 995篇 |
2001年 | 821篇 |
2000年 | 803篇 |
1999年 | 686篇 |
1998年 | 566篇 |
1997年 | 556篇 |
1996年 | 542篇 |
1995年 | 527篇 |
1994年 | 472篇 |
1993年 | 406篇 |
1992年 | 349篇 |
1991年 | 307篇 |
1990年 | 258篇 |
1989年 | 217篇 |
1988年 | 216篇 |
1987年 | 183篇 |
1986年 | 103篇 |
1985年 | 58篇 |
1984年 | 40篇 |
1983年 | 21篇 |
1982年 | 37篇 |
1981年 | 33篇 |
1980年 | 19篇 |
1979年 | 16篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
With the use of an analytical approach developed, the influence of distribution of a tangential load on the stress concentration
in uniaxially tensioned flat specimens of high-strength unidirectional composites near the grips of a testing machine is evaluated.
In view of singularity of the analytical solution derived at the points of discontinuity of boundary conditions, for estimating
the stress concentration, it is suggested to employ the averaged value of longitudinal stresses, which is calculated by means
of an improper integral across the thickness of a near-surface layer.
__________
Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 787–796, November–December, 2006. 相似文献
42.
Djamel Meraghni Abdelhakim Necir 《Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability》2007,9(4):557-572
The characteristic exponent α of a Lévy-stable law S
α
(σ, β, μ) was thoroughly studied as the extreme value index of a heavy tailed distribution. For 1 < α < 2, Peng (Statist. Probab. Lett. 52: 255–264, 2001) has proposed, via the extreme value approach, an asymptotically normal estimator for the location parameter μ. In this paper, we derive by the same approach, an estimator for the scale parameter σ and we discuss its limiting behavior.
相似文献
43.
Tatsuo Nakagawa Satoshi Fukura Munenori Nakai Kazumasa Sugiyama Ryohei Kokawa Hiroyuki Kagi 《Optical Review》2006,13(4):269-275
We constructed a scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) on a commercially available atomic force microscopy (AFM) apparatus
(SPM-9500J2; Shimadzu Corp.) to measure the stress distribution in ceramic composite materials. Features of our SNOM system
are: (1) a compact SNOM head substituted for the original AFM head; (2) a wide scanning range (125 × 125 μm2) inherited from the original scanner; (3) use of conventional shear-force regulation; (4) an optical system for the illumination-collection
(I-C) mode; (5) excitation by a 488 nm line of an Ar-ion laser, and (6) light detection by photon counting or a polychromator
equipped with an electronically cooled charge coupled device (CCD). This SNOM system was used to measure the surface structure
and stress distribution of an Al2O3/ZrO2 eutectic composite. We simultaneously measured topographic images and fluorescence spectra of an Al2O3/ZrO2 eutectic composite. We estimated its peak intensity, peak position, and peak width from the fluorescence spectrum during
scanning, which respectively correspond to the abundance of Al2O3, stress in the grain, and the anisotropy of that stress. Mapping images showed that the stress and its anisotropy were weaker
in the center of the Al2O3 grain than its boundary between Al2O3 and ZrO2. That observation suggests that Al2O3 underwent intense anisotropic stress induced by volume expansion in the phase transition of ZrO2 from the cubic phase to the monoclinic phase during preparation. 相似文献
44.
Masanobu Haraguchi David F. P. Pile Toshihiro Okamoto Masuo Fukui Dmitri K. Gramotnev 《Optical Review》2006,13(4):228-230
We have numerically shown the existence of coupled wedge plasmons (CWPs) which propagates along a nano gap of a twin metal
wedge. The CWPs are formed by wedge plasmons which can interact with each other. The dispersion relations of the wavenumber,
propagation distance, and beam area of CWPs, are described and show that the characteristics of CWPs are similar to those
of wedge plasmons and of gap plasmons. We also propose a new plasmon waveguide composed of twin metal wedges with a nano gap. 相似文献
45.
用边界积分方法分析了表面裂纹在接触载荷作用下的张开位移和应力强度因子,该方法将埋在无穷大弹性介质中裂纹模拟为连续分布的位错环,根据两个位错环之间的相互作用能可以得到弹性体的应变能,对弹性体的势能取极值,可以得到关于裂纹张开位移的边界积分方程,通过把半空间的边界模拟成一个包含在无穷大弹性介质中大裂纹,该方法能用已有的边界积分方法很好的处理具有任意表面形状的表面裂纹,文中算例分析了不同倾角的表面裂纹在法向和切向接触载荷作用下,裂纹尖端的应力强度因子,其结果对于分析路面表面裂纹的扩展具有重要意义。 相似文献
46.
W. Gao M. Li R. Klie E.I. Altman 《Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena》2006,150(2-3):136-149
Oxide catalysts are frequently used to convert toxic species to environmentally benign molecules, and to prevent the formation of toxic species in the first place. In this paper, growth and characterization of model oxide systems employed in both approaches is discussed. An example of the former approach is the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO emitted from power plants by NH3, which employs tungsten and vanadium oxides supported on the anatase polymorph of TiO2. To model SCR catalysts, epitaxial titanium, vanadium and tungsten oxide films were grown using molecular beam epitaxy and magnetron sputtering. Two different anatase orientations were grown on LaAlO3 substrates and their interactions with vanadia were characterized. On LaAlO3 (0 0 1), anatase exposed a (4 × 1) reconstructed (0 0 1) surface. Vanadia lifted the reconstruction and at 1 ML a (1 × 1) surface with mostly V5+ was observed. Continued V2O5 growth led to loss of order, but at high temperatures epitaxial VO2 could be grown; vanadia behaved similarly on anatase films on LaAlO3 (1 1 0). Results suggested that the monolayer is pseudomorphic with O adsorption oxidizing the surface V to 5+, since the anatase structure cannot accommodate more bulk oxygen, only a monolayer can be pseudomorphic and have only V5+. Thus the vanadia monolayer has unique structural and chemical properties that can help explain why vanadia monolayers on TiO2 are much more active than bulk V2O5. For WO3, a series of added row reconstructions were observed as the epitaxial films were reduced. The effect of these structures on surface chemistry was characterized by studying 1-propanol adsorption. The results indicated that the structure of the WO3 surface did not alter its catalytic function but had a strong effect on reaction kinetics. As an example of a system where catalysts prevent the formation of toxic species, the reactivity of oxidized Pd surfaces used in CH4 catalytic combustion were studied. An ordered PdO-like monolayer was found to be less reactive towards CO than adsorbed O on Pd. On the other hand, the PdO layer favored a lower activation energy C3H6 oxidation pathway. The results indicated that Pd oxidation reduces the sticking coefficient of reactive species but once molecules adsorb, the oxide surface can reduce the activation energy for subsequent reaction. 相似文献
47.
N. Moslemzadeh G. Beamson P. Tsakiropoulos J.F. Watts S.R. Haines P. Weightman 《Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena》2006
High-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is of particular importance for minimizing the effects of surface contamination by increasing photoelectron escape depths. In this study high-resolution high-energy Cu Kα1 and soft Al Kα1 XPS and Auger electron spectroscopy were used to compare the electronic structure of Ti in TiO2 powder and Ti metal. The Ti 1s in TiO2 XPS line is narrower and more symmetric than in Ti metal. A comparison of the relative intensities of the L23M23M45 and L23M23M23 Auger transitions in Ti metal and TiO2 is consistent with the expected transfer of Ti 3d electrons away from the Ti site in the oxide. The satellites accompanying the Ti 1s XPS line excited by Cu Kα1 X-rays occur at the same energies as the satellites accompanying the Ti 2s and 2p XPS lines excited by Al Kα1 X-rays indicating that they do not depend on the core-level, the experimental resolution or inelastic scattering processes. 相似文献
48.
养殖池塘沉积物的重金属分布及污染特征 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
浙江省淅西北地区淡水养殖池塘沉积物重金属调查研究表明,养殖池塘沉积物中7种重金属元素分布不均衡,差异也较大,除Hg和Cr元素外,其余重金属元素已大大超过土壤本底值.虽然其实测含量都未超出国家规定的标准值范围,但沉积物中重金属元素对养殖水环境、养殖品种存在的潜在污染与危害值得关注.污染指数评价显示,养殖池塘沉积物中主要污染物质为Cu和Cr,而Hg、Pb污染程度相对较轻. 相似文献
49.
A method is developed for a stress analysis in an infinite elastic body containing two neighboring periodically cophasaly curved fibers located along two parallel lines. The stress distribution is studied when the body is loaded at infinity by uniformly distributed normal forces in the fiber direction. The investigation is carried out within the framework of a piecewise homogeneous body model with the use of exact three-dimensional equations of elasticity theory. Numerical results related to the stress distribution considered and the influence of interaction between the fibers on this distribution are given. 相似文献
50.
I. Iovel L. Golomba J. Popelis S. Grinberga E. Lukevics 《Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds》2003,39(1):49-55
The addition of hydrosilanes (HSiEt3, HSiMe2Ph, H2SiPh2) to the CH=N bond of heterocyclic azomethines has been studied in the presence of monovalent complexes of rhodium and palladium. The effect on the reaction of the CF3 group of the aldimines, which were obtained from O-, S-, and N-heteroaromatic aldehydes and 2-trifluoromethylaniline, has been clarified, as were other regularities of the processes being studied. A series of corresponding furans, thiophenes, and pyridine amines has been synthesized. 相似文献