黄河水中甘氨酸对铅(Ⅱ)与表层沉积物相互作用的影响

研究了黄河水中甘氨酸对铅(Ⅱ)与表层沉积物相互作用的离子交换率E%—pH的影响.实验结果表明:①在2×7.73×10-3mmol·L-1甘氨酸存在下,离子交换率降低;②随着甘氨酸浓度的增加,S型曲线与未加甘氨酸相比,先左后右移动;③甘氨酸存在下,转型表层沉积物比自干表层沉积物离子交换率高.     

基于复杂网络的城市综合交通网络特征分析与优化研究

基于复杂网络理论与方法,结合高速公路、国省道路、铁路、水运等5个交通网络,构建南昌九江综合交通网络; 定量计算与分析除航空网络外共计5个交通网络的拓扑特征.在对各方式的交通复杂网络提出优化措施的基础上,探讨了南昌九江综合交通网络的优化设计,并给出了相应的改进建议.     

Cause analysis of gully erosion in Yuanmou basin of Jinshajiang valley

Some factors （i.e. lithology, topography, climate, the change of population as well as land use during the past 50 years） that could have great influence on the development of gully in the arid-hot basin of Jinshajiang valley were investigated. The results show that the factors leading to the strong gully erosion in this area include： the widely distributed Yuanmou group stratum, which promotes the development of gully erosion; the unique geomorphologic configuration that is prone to rock fall and gully erosion; the strong and time-concentrated rainfall; the arid-humid alternate climate characteristics that prepares the ground for the development of fissures in soils; the arid-hot climate that goes against the growth and recovery of vegetation; and the unreasonable and abusive human activities.     

四川盆地富有机质页岩硅质生物成因及对页岩气开发的意义

通过岩石学、有机碳含量、主量元素和力学性质分析, 对四川盆地长宁双河剖面上奥陶统五峰组和下志留统龙马溪组页岩进行硅质成因研究。长宁双河剖面底部页岩过量硅含量为40%~62.7%, 具有高SiO₂, P₂O₅和Fe₂O₃, 低Al₂O₃, TiO₂, FeO和MgO的特征。Al/(Fe+Al+Mn)比值为0.67~0.71, Si/(Si+Al+Fe)比值为0.89~0.93, 在Al?Fe?Mn图解上落在生物成因区。五峰组有机碳含量(TOC)为2%~7.55%, 平均3.73%。龙马溪组页岩有机碳含量为0.23%~8.36%, 平均1.16%, TOC>2%段集中在剖面底部21 m, TOC与硅质含量具有正相关关系。页岩中发现大量放射虫、海绵骨针等微体化石, 证实硅质为生物成因, 指示页岩沉积环境为深水陆棚, 有利于形成自然裂缝和后期压裂改造, 对页岩气勘探开发具有重要意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界储集砂岩的成岩作用

研究鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界砂岩储层特征,以及不同的成岩作用类型与储集性能的关系。通过分析取芯井的岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、能谱分析数据,发现储集砂岩中发育有粒内溶孔、粒间孔、粒间溶孔、晶间孔、溶缝等多种孔缝类型,其中最主要的是粒内溶孔和粒间溶孔;主要成岩作用类型有压实作用、溶蚀作用、碳酸盐矿物、硅质矿物和黏土矿物的形成作用。结合不同砂岩组分与孔隙面孔率的相关性,得到如下结论:(1)压实作用是导致砂岩孔隙度较差的重要原因;(2)增加砂岩整体孔隙度最重要的是溶蚀作用;(3)碳酸盐矿物的形成会导致砂岩孔隙度减小;(4)硅质矿物会一定程度减少砂岩粒间孔;(5)高岭石的形成对增加岩石整体孔隙作用有限,水云母和绿泥石对溶孔和晶间孔的形成不利。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部长6时期沉积体系特征及发育模式

通过岩石学、沉积学、古生物学和地球物理等方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地东南部进行了详细的沉积相研究,建立了盆地两侧的沉积模式.认为研究区长6油层组沉积时主体为湖泊三角洲环境,沉积体系发育类型多样,主要有三角洲、湖泊及浊流沉积.在沉积过程中,大部分地区表现为加积型-进积型三角洲,浊流为南部三角洲前缘垮塌成因.根据研究区南北两侧三角洲发育特点,结合盆地形态,认为北部为浅水型缓坡三角洲,而南部为深水陡坡型三角洲及浊流沉积,长6时期从早到晚表现为一个强烈进积作用过程.沉积体系的研究将有助于盆地今后油气勘探的部署.     

基于SWAT的涟水河上游流域非点源污染模拟

以涟水河娄底水文站上游流域为研究区域,应用SWAT模型对该区域的径流、泥沙及非点源氨氮、总磷污染负荷进行模拟计算.将1998年设置为模型启动期,即＂模型预热＂,利用娄底水文站1999～2002年的实测月径流、氨氮及总磷的实测数据进行模型参数确定,运用2003～2005年实测的月径流、氨氮及总磷数据对调参后的模型进行模型验证,验证结果表明模型基本合理可行,可用于涟水河上游流域的非点源污染模拟计算.运用率定后的模型,去除点源污染,重新进行模拟得到最终的非点源污染氨氮、总磷.根据模拟结果对该区域的径流、泥沙、氨氮及总磷污染负荷的时空分布特点进行了分析,为涟水河娄底水文站上游流域非点源污染的综合防治规划提供了参考和依据.     

Depositional history of the early part of the Jurassic succession on the Rajasthan Shelf, western India

Part of the lowermost deposits of the Triassic to Earlymid Jurassic (up to Bajocian) sedimentary succession spread across the Rajasthan shelf on the western part of the Indian craton is found in the Jaisalmer Basin east of Jaisalmer with the best exposed sections along the Jodhpur-Jaisalmer Highway. Based on lithostratigraphic characteristics, the succession is divided into four: Odania and Thaiat members, Lathi Formation; and Hamira and Joyan members, Jaisalmer Formation. Six facies are defined from microfacies, sedimentary structures, biotic components and depositional environments: (1) ferruginous, pebbly, cross-bedded sandstone—high-energy, fluvial; (2) cross-bedded, poorly sorted, fossil wood-bearing sandstone—highenergy, terrestrial, with high influx of sediment and warm and humid climate; (3) cross-bedded to rarely bioturbated, alternating silt to fine-grained sandstone—fluctuating sedimentation rates and energy—nearshore, mesohaline embayment to lagoonal; (4) partly bioturbated, storm-dominated, mixed siliciclastic-carbonate facies—fully marine; (5) low angle cross-laminated, silt to fine-grained sandstone—nearshore shallow water, above fair weather wave base; and (6) thick rudstones with mega-ripples and reworked coral heads-storm deposits representing the peak of first major marine transgression across the basin.     

鄱阳湖流域农田重金属污染的生态风险评估

选择乐安河-鄱阳湖段典型重金属污染区作为研究区,采用不同方法对各样点土壤及其蔬菜农产品的重金属污染及其危害进行评价.结果表明:各样点土壤中重金属含量最高的元素为Cu,最高值达423.124 mg·kg^-1; 不同评价方法得出乐安河上游至中游区域土壤中重金属Cu呈极度污染状态,存在严重的生态风险隐患; 各样点蔬菜重金属Cd含量均超过《无公害蔬菜安全要求》中规定的标准值(0.050 mg·kg^-1); 农产品样品对Cd的富集系数都超过0.100,最高值达3.254; 内梅罗综合污染指数法的评价得到78.57%的农产品重金属Cd为重度污染; 健康风险指数评价进一步表明各样点大部分农产品中的Cd超出安全基准值1.0,且样品中Cd的目标致癌风险T_R(0.003 2～0.013 2)均超过了美国环保署推荐的可接受风险值(10^-6～10^-4)和国际辐射防护委员会推荐的最大可接受风险值(5.0×10^-5).     

Zircon U-Pb geochronology of basement metamorphic rocks in the Songliao Basin

Zircon LA-ICP MS U-Pb dating of six metamorphic rocks and a metagranite (breccia) from southern basement of the Songliao Basin are reported in order to constrain the formation ages of basement. The basement metamorphic rocks in the Songliao Basin mainly consist of metagabbro (L45-1), amphibolite (SN117), metarhyolitical tuff (G190), sericite (Ser) schist (N103), chlorite (Chl) schist (T5-1), biotite (Bi)-actinolite (Act)-quartz (Q) schist (Y205), and metagranite (L44-1). The cathodoluminesence (CL) images of the zircons from metagabbro (L45-1) and metagranite (L44-1) indicate that they have cores of magmatic origin and rims of metamorphic overgrowths. Their U-Pb isotopic ages are 1808±21 Ma and 1873±13 Ma, respectively. The zircons with oscillatory zoning from amphibolite (SN117) and Chl schist (T5-1), being similar to those of mafic igneous rocks, yield ages of 274 ± 3.4 Ma and 264 ± 3.2 Ma, re-spectively. The zircons from metarhyolitical tuff (G190) and Ser schist (N103) display typical magmatic growth zoning and yield ages of 424 ± 4.5 Ma and 287 ± 5.1Ma, respectively. Most of zircons from Bi-Act-Q schist (Y205) are round in shape and different in absorption degree in the CL images, implying their sedimentary detritals. U-Pb dating yield concordant ages of 427 ± 3.1Ma, 455 ± 12 Ma, 696 ± 13 Ma, 1384±62 Ma, 1649±36 Ma, 1778±18 Ma, 2450±9 Ma, 2579±10 Ma, 2793±4 Ma and 2953±14 Ma. The above-mentioned results indicate that the Precambrian crystalline basement (1808―1873 Ma) exists in the southern Songliao Basin and could be related to tectonic thrust, and that the Early Paleozoic (424―490 Ma) and Late Paleozoic magmatisms (264―292 Ma) also occur in the basin basement, which are consistent with the ages of the detrital zircons from Bi-Act-Q schist in the basement.