Pd-catalyzed ligand-free C(5)–H arylation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles promoted by microwaves

Pd(OAc)₂-catalyzed regioselective C(5)–H arylation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles was achieved without ligand under microwave conditions in 1?h, generating 1,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles with good to excellent yields. The obtained molecules can be easily converted into 4,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles through the debenzylation process with one-pot manipulation.     

醋酸离子液体[C2mim][OAc]水溶液的摩尔表面Gibbs自由能

在288.15-318.15 K温度范围内测定了不同浓度离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐([C₂mim][OAc])水溶液的表面张力和密度;在改进李以圭等人的溶液表面张力模型基础上,提出摩尔表面Gibbs自由能新概念,建立了摩尔表面Gibbs自由能随溶液浓度变化的线性经验方程,利用这个经验方程估算了[C₂mim][OAc]水溶液的摩尔表面Gibbs自由能,并进一步预测了该溶液的表面张力,其预测值与相应的表面张力实验值高度相关并非常相似。由此可见,摩尔表面Gibbs自由能与等张比容极其类似,可能成为预测离子液体及其溶液性质的一种新的半经验方法。在指定溶液浓度下,根据溶液的摩尔表面Gibbs自由能随温度呈线性变化的规律,得到了新的Eötvös方程,与传统的Eötvös方程相比,新Eötvös方程的每一个参数都有明确的物理意义:斜率的负值是摩尔表面熵,截距是摩尔表面焓,在指定浓度的溶液中摩尔表面焓几乎不随温度变化。     

Rhodium(III)-catalyzed direct C-7 sulfonamidation and amination of indolines with arylsulfonamides and trifluoroacetamide

A rhodium-catalyzed direct C–H sulfonamidation and amidation of C-7 position of indolines by simple and commercially available arylsulfonamides and trifluoroacetamide has been developed, affording a series of N-arylsulfonamides and N-aryltrifluoroacetamides in moderate to excellent yields, respectively. Notably, this catalytic system is highly convenient on mmol scale.     

Et2Zn-mediated stoichiometric C(sp)-H silylation of 1-alkynes and chlorosilanes

A first example of an Et₂Zn mediated silylation of 1-aklynes is reported. A series of functional groups are tolerated in this reaction. Mechanistic studies support Zn alkynilides as intermediates in the reaction. This reaction protocol provides a practical method for the preparation of alkynylsilanes and expands the application of organometallic zinc in organic synthesis.     

Oxidative dehydrogenation of n-octane over a vanadium–magnesium oxide catalyst: Influence of the gas hourly space velocity

Oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of n-octane was carried out over a vanadium–magnesium oxide catalyst in a continuous flow fixed bed reactor. The catalyst was characterized by ICP–OES, powder XRD and SEM. The catalytic tests were carried out at different gas hourly space velocities (GHSVs), viz. 4000, 6000, 8000, and 10,000 h^?1. The best selectivity for octenes was obtained at the GHSV of 8000 h^?1, while that for C8 aromatics was attained at the GHSV of 6000 h^?1 at high temperatures (500 and 550 °C). The catalytic testing at the GHSV of 10,000 h^?1 showed the lowest activity, while that at the GHSV of 4000 h^?1 consistently showed the lowest ODH selectivity. Generally, the best ODH performance was obtained by the catalytic testing at the GHSVs of 6000 and 8000 h^?1. No phasic changes were observed after the catalytic testing.     

Chemical Degradation of Mercury Alkyls Mediated by Copper Selenide Nanosheets

Methylation and demethylation of mercury compounds are two important competing processes that control the net production of highly toxic mercury alkyls, methylmercury (MeHg⁺) and dimethylmercury (Me₂Hg), in environment. Although the microbial and the photochemical methylation and demethylation processes are well studied in recent years but the chemical methylation and demethylation processes have not been studied well. Herein, we report for the first time that the CuSe nanosheet has remarkable ability to activate the highly inert Hg?C bonds of various MeHg⁺ and Me₂Hg compounds at room temperature (21 °C). It facilitates the conversion of MeHg⁺ into Me₂Hg in the absence of any proton donors. Whereas, in the presence of any proton source, it has unique ability to degrade MeHg⁺ into CH₄ and inorganic mercury (Hg²⁺). Detailed studies revealed that the relatively fast Hg?C bond cleavage was observed in case of MeHgSPh or MeHgI in comparison to MeHgCl, indicating that the Hg?C bond in MeHgCl is relatively inert in nature. On the other hand, the Hg?C bond in Me₂Hg is considered to be exceedingly inert and, thus, difficult to cleave at room temperature. However, CuSe nanosheets showed unique ability to degrade Me₂Hg into CH₄ and Hg²⁺, via the formation of MeHg⁺, under acidic conditions at room temperature. DFT calculations revealed that the Hg?C bond activation occurs through adsorption on the surface of (100)‐faceted CuSe nanosheets.     

富氧条件下Fe-Mn/Beta选择性催化丙烯还原氮氧化物

以Beta分子筛为载体，采用等体积浸渍法制备Fe-Mn/Beta催化剂，并对其在富氧条件下丙烯选择性催化还原NO性能进行了研究。通过N₂吸附-脱附、X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）和原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱（in-situ DRIFTS）等研究手段对催化剂进行表征，考察Mn组分对催化剂的物理化学性质、C₃H₆-SCR反应活性和反应中间产物的影响。结果表明，引入Mn物种可以显著提高Fe-Mn/Beta催化剂的低温催化活性，1.5Fe1.0Mn/Beta催化剂NO还原效率350℃最高可达99.4%，在250-400℃反应温度下显示出很高的反应活性和N₂选择性。原位红外光谱研究表明，分子筛离子交换位上孤立的铁离子是丙烯选择性氧化的主要活性位，分散良好的MnO₂物种不能提高催化剂对丙烯的活化能力，但有助于促进形成NO₂吸附物种，从而提升了Fe-Mn/Beta催化剂的低温C₃H₆-SCR性能。经高温水热老化处理后，Fe-Mn/Beta催化剂脱硝活性明显下降，这与孤立的Fe³⁺离子迁移形成Fe_xO_y团聚物种有关。     

基于双重碳氢活化的γ,δ-不饱和酰胺与炔烃的脱氢环化反应

吡啶酮是一类重要的含氮杂环骨架,广泛存在于天然产物和药物分子中,是重要的化学转化中间体,其合成与修饰是现代医药学及化学领域的研究热点之一。杂环母核的官能团化修饰是该类化合物较为常见的衍生方式,但要求特定位点的反应基团预组装。相较而言,两个片段分子的直接偶联环化,是更为直接且具备较高实用性的合成类似杂环分子库的方式。近年来,过渡金属催化的丙烯酰胺与炔烃的氧化偶联制备吡啶酮类化合物取得了长足进展,关键活化步骤为过金属催化剂对酰胺β位sp2碳氢键的活化。然而,通过对更加易得的烷基酰胺进行sp3碳氢键活化制备杂环骨架依然具有较高的挑战性。其原因主要在于较低的α-酸性使得酰胺的脱氢反应变得异常困难。本课题组最近报道了温和条件下,铱催化的酰胺、酸及酮的空气脱氢反应。反应中产生的烯丙基-铱中间体被认为提高了酰胺的α-酸性,从而加速了脱氢过程。在此基础上,我们报道一种铑(Ⅲ)催化的γ,δ-不饱和酰胺与炔烃类化合物的脱氢环化新方法,制备一系列多取代的吡啶酮类化合物。催化循环历经酰胺导向铑(Ⅲ)对底物β位点的sp3碳氢活化,进而脱氢生成共轭的双烯酰胺中间体,随后酰胺基团再次导向铑(Ⅲ)对β位的sp2碳氢活化,进而与炔烃进行插入,环化获得吡啶酮。该反应对各种官能团具有较好的容忍性。γ-烯基结构不但促进第一步的酰胺脱氢,而且是杂环产物后修饰的重要位点。机理实验表明双烯酰胺的确为反应中间体之一。核磁实验显示酰胺脱氢迅速,而控制实验则表明炔烃的插入过程的选择性与其电性有密切的关系,有可能参与了该反应的速控步。