类Kerr介质中双模SU(1,1)相干态场与四能级原子相互作用中的场熵演化

利用类Kerr介质中双模SU(1,1)相干态场与四能级原子相互作用系统的态函数导出了场熵的计算公式,研究了Kerr效应和初始光场强度对场熵演化的影响。     

Oleogels—Their Applicability and Methods of Characterization

Oleogels or, more precisely, non-triglyceride structured lipid phases have been researched excessively in the last decade. Yet, no comprehensive knowledge base has emerged, allowing technology elevation from the laboratory bench into the industrial food application. That is partly due to insufficient characterization of the structuring systems studied. Examining a single composition decided upon by arbitrary methods does not stimulate progress in the research and technology area. A framework that gives much better guidance to product applications can easily be derived. For example, the incremental structure contribution concept is advocated as a parameter to compare the potency of structuring systems. These can straightforwardly be determined by combining solubility data and structural measurements in the recommended manner. The current method to determine the oil-binding capacity suffers from reproducibility and relevance. A newly developed method is suggested to overcome these shortcomings. The recommended new characterization of oleogels should contribute to a more comprehensive knowledge base necessary for product innovations.     

Antimicrobial,Antioxidant, Anti-Acetylcholinesterase,Antidiabetic, and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Carum carvi L. and Coriandrum sativum L. Essential Oils Alone and in Combination

Herbs and spices have been used since antiquity for their nutritional and health properties, as well as in traditional remedies for the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Therefore, this study aims to perform a chemical analysis of both essential oils (EOs) from the seeds of Carum carvi (C. carvi) and Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum) and evaluate their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and antidiabetic activities alone and in combination. Results showed that the EOs mainly constitute monoterpenes with γ-terpinene (31.03%), β-pinene (18.77%), p-cymene (17.16%), and carvone (12.20%) being the major components present in C. carvi EO and linalool (76.41%), γ-terpinene (5.35%), and α-pinene (4.44%) in C. sativum EO. In comparison to standards, statistical analysis revealed that C. carvi EO showed high and significantly different (p < 0.05) antioxidant activity than C. sativum EO, but lower than the mixture. Moreover, the mixture exhibited two-times greater ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (IC₅₀ = 11.33 ± 1.53 mg/mL) and equipotent chelating power (IC₅₀ = 31.33 ± 0.47 mg/mL) than the corresponding references, and also potent activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC₅₀ = 19.00 ± 1.00 mg/mL), β-carotene (IC₅₀ = 11.16 ± 0.84 mg/mL), and superoxide anion (IC₅₀ = 10.33 ± 0.58 mg/mL) assays. Antimicrobial data revealed that single and mixture EOs were active against a panel of pathogenic microorganisms, and the mixture had the ability to kill more bacterial strains than each EO alone. Additionally, the anti-acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect have been studied for the first time, highlighting the high inhibition effect of AChE by C. carvi (IC₅₀ = 0.82 ± 0.05 mg/mL), and especially by C. sativum (IC₅₀ = 0.68 ± 0.03 mg/mL), as well as the mixture (IC₅₀ = 0.63 ± 0.02 mg/mL) compared to the reference drug, which are insignificantly different (p > 0.05). A high and equipotent antidiabetic activity was observed for the mixture (IC₅₀ = 0.75 ± 0.15 mg/mL) when compared to the standard drug, acarbose, which is about nine times higher than each EO alone. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic analysis provides some useful insights into designing new drugs with favorable drug likeness and safety profiles based on a C. carvi and C. sativum EO mixture. In summary, the results of this study revealed that the combination of these EOs may be recommended for further food, therapeutic, and pharmaceutical applications, and can be utilized as medicine to inhibit several diseases.     

On the Effect of the Various Assumptions and Approximations used in Molecular Simulations on the Properties of Bio-Molecular Systems: Overview and Perspective on Issues

Computer simulations of molecular systems enable structure-energy-function relationships of molecular processes to be described at the sub-atomic, atomic, supra-atomic or supra-molecular level and plays an increasingly important role in chemistry, biology and physics. To interpret the results of such simulations appropriately, the degree of uncertainty and potential errors affecting the calculated properties must be considered. Uncertainty and errors arise from (1) assumptions underlying the molecular model, force field and simulation algorithms, (2) approximations implicit in the interatomic interaction function (force field), or when integrating the equations of motion, (3) the chosen values of the parameters that determine the accuracy of the approximations used, and (4) the nature of the system and the property of interest. In this overview, advantages and shortcomings of assumptions and approximations commonly used when simulating bio-molecular systems are considered. What the developers of bio-molecular force fields and simulation software can do to facilitate and broaden research involving bio-molecular simulations is also discussed.     

Effect of external electric field on the terahertz transmission characteristics of electrolyte solutions

We fabricated a microfluidic chip with simple structure and good sealing performance, and studied the influence of the electric field on THz absorption intensity of liquid samples treated at different times by using THz time domain spectroscopy system. The tested liquids were deionised water and CuSO₄, CuCl₂, NaHCO₃, Na₂CO₃ and NaCl solutions. The transmission intensity of the THz wave increases as the standing time of the electrolyte solution in the electric field increases. The applied electric field alters the dipole moment of water molecules in the electrolyte solution, which affects the vibration and rotation of the whole water molecules, breaks the hydrogen bonds in the water, increases the number of single water molecules and leads to the enhancement of the THz transmission spectrum.     

铝青铜表面激光熔覆镍基合金温度场的数值模拟

以铝青铜为基材、铜镍合金为熔覆粉末,采用压粉方式实现激光熔覆加工.对此过程建立二维温度场数值模型,考虑温度变化对铝青铜热物理参数的影响以及表面对流换热、内部结晶潜热等因素,用C++语言编写激光熔覆过程中温度场模型的计算程序.结果表明,激光熔覆加工过程中的温度场变化是由非稳态到达稳态的过程,激光光斑附近温度梯度较大,远离光斑处温度梯度较小.由温度场分布图得知,为优化加工质量,满足熔覆要求,试验应采用由高到低的功率进行熔覆.     

硅场发射的WKB法和转移矩阵法比较

硅作为场发射阴极成为可能,硅的场发射研究又重新引起人们的重视．该文将半导体表面的能带弯曲视为一势阱,从而建立了表面势阱作用下硅场致发射的基本方程．并分别应用WKB法和转移矩阵法,求出了垂直于界面的量子能级,并计算了场发射电流．最后对两种方法的结果进行了比较,发现转移矩阵法的结果比WKB近似法更加接近于FN理论的结果,该方法可为复杂势场中的量子化效应及电子特性提供一个有效的分析方法．     

Study of the selective effect on cells induced by nanosecond pulsed electric field with the resistor-capacitor circuit model

A resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit model is proposed to study the effect of nanosecond pulsed electric field on cells according to the structure and electrical parameters of cells. After a nanosecond step field has been applied, the variation of voltages across cytomembrane and mitochondria membrane both in normal and in malignant cells are studied with this model. The time for selectively targeting the mitochondria membrane and malignant cell can be evaluated much easily with curves that show the variation of voltage across each membrane with time. Ramp field is the typical field applied in electrobiology. The voltages across each membrane induced by ramp field are analyzed with this model. To selectively target the mitochondria membrane, proper range of ramp slope is needed. It is relatively difficult to decide the range of a slope to selectively affect the malignant cell. Under some conditions, such a range even does not exist.     

预脉冲对相对论磁控管工作性能的影响分析

在阐述预脉冲产生的基础上,分析了预脉冲带来的一系列影响,包括工和电压波形变化,提前生成等离子体,以及预脉冲阶段放大竞争模式等,这些影响与相对论磁控管起振工作频率相联系,从而直接造成了相对论磁控管的基本性能参数,如脉宽、工作频率及输出功率等变化。结合具体实验,对比了有、无预脉冲条件下相对论磁控管工作性能的差异,对预脉冲的影响因素与相对论磁控管性能之间的联系进行了详细的分析。     

同轴线方法测量束流耦合阻抗的有效性分析

根据同轴线方法测量阻抗的原理,用模拟方法讨论了该测量方法的有效性问题。从均匀圆波导和同轴线结构中的电磁场解析分析,说明了该方法有效性问题的起源和基本物理图像,简单回顾其他方法讨论该问题的结论,最后数值模拟分析了同轴线方法测量束流耦合阻抗的有效性,所得主要结论能够对阻抗测量平台的设计提供可靠的依据。