低钛铝合金晶粒细化的凝固计算

基于单个晶粒生长所形成的成分过冷为邻近的形核颗粒提供形核所需成分过冷的假设，提出晶粒细化的相关晶粒尺寸(RGS)判据。0．03％TiB2细化不同含钛量的铝合金的试验数据拟和出的形核过冷度与试验测量结果较一致。分析发现成分过冷区初期其形成的速率正比于抑制生长因子Q，成分过冷参数P可作为柱状晶向等轴晶转变的判据。对于使用强形核颗粒合金的晶粒尺寸可用直接使用抑制生长因子Q来衡量，而弱形核颗粒使用RGS可能更准确一些。     

储集性砂岩粒度组成的分形结构

利用崔在地区阜宁组三种不同成因类型的砂岩粒度含量与粒径之间的双对数关系，证明了粒度组成具有自组织的分形结构；计算结果表明，三角洲远砂坝、扇三角洲前缘砂和滨浅湖滩坝砂体粒度组成的分维分布在２～２．５之间，并且依次减小．说明它们的自组织程度依次降低，充分反映了这三种砂体的沉积演化特征，讨论了粒度分维与砂岩粘土含量、粒度中值、分选系数和储集性之间的关系，指出分形研究是定量描述砂岩结构和储集特征的有力工具。     

W－Ni－Fe重合金的断口研究

本文研究了ｗ－Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ重合金的断口形貌。力学性能的关系。研究指出烧结不同阶段将使合金的断裂模式有很大的分别。它们也直接影响合金的性能。合金的ＳＥＭ观察表明，合金的力学性能和相界强度紧密相关。钨晶粒的接触性以及粘结相的合适分布对裂纹的传播和扩展起着有效的阻止作用。     

Role of doping and CuO segregation in improving the giant permittivity of CaCu3Ti4O12

The dopant role on the electric and dielectric properties of the perovskite-type CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ (CCTO) compound is evidenced. Impedance spectroscopy measurements show that the relevant permittivity value attributed to sintered CCTO is due to grain boundary (g.b.) effects. The g.b. permittivity value of the pure CCTO can be increased of 1-2 orders of magnitude by cation substitution on Ti site and/or segregation of CuO phase, while the bulk permittivity keeps values 90<ε_r<180. Bulk and g.b. conductivity contributions are discussed: electrons are responsible for the charge transport and a mean bulk activation energy of 0.07 eV is obtained at room temperature for all the examined samples. The g.b. activation energy ranges between 0.54 and 0.76 eV. Defect models related to the transport properties are proposed, supported by electron paramagnetic resonance measurements.     

Nano-scale grain growth kinetics

An empirical relation among three important properties of grain boundary (GB), i.e. GB free energy, energy change of GB segregation, and GB excess, was shown. Accordingly, GB energy reduces with grain growth. Once GB energy is equal to zero, GBs will be in thermodynamic equilibrium in the presence of solute atoms and, therefore, grain growth stops with saturated GBs. Applying a kinetic model for nano-scale grain growth, some published experimental data were successfully reinterpreted. With progressing grain growth, the activation energy of grain growth increases, in contrast with the reduction of GB energy. In connection with a semi-empirical relation according to the conjecture that GB energy is the difference between those responsible for diffusion in the lattice and the GB itself, proposed by Borisov, a conclusion can be drawn that, for alloy with strong segregation tendency, grain growth is inhibited due to the reduction of GB energy, even to zero.     

Synthesis, optical properties and electronic structures of polyoxometalates K3P(Mo1−xWx)12O40 (0?x?1)

Various compositions of solid solutions K₃P(Mo_1−xW_x)₁₂O₄₀ (0?x?1) were prepared using two solid state synthetic routes. The crystallite size was determined by linewidth refinements of X-ray diffraction patterns using the Warren-Averbach method, and the grain size distribution by laser scattering experiments. Optical properties were determined by diffuse reflectance measurements in the UV-visible range. The optical gap E_g was found to increase exponentially from ∼2.5 to ∼3.30 eV with increasing x, and is systematically shifted to a higher energy when the grain size decreases. The relation between E_g and x was analyzed by calculating the HOMO-LUMO gaps of the [P(Mo_1−xW_x)₁₂O₄₀]³⁻ anions on the basis of tight-binding electronic structure calculations.     

Precipitation behavior and grain refinement of burnishing Al-Zn-Mg alloy

Burnishing is a unique strengthening approach to improve the strength of surface layer and remains the ductility of the interior of metallic materials. In this work, burnishing treatment was employed to improve the surface microstructure of naturally aged Al-Zn-Mg alloys after solid solution. Transmission electron microscopy, highresolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and nano-indentation were used to characterize the effects of the burnishing on the microstructures of surface layer and Guinier-Preston(GP) zones. It was indicated that GP zones uniformly distributed and dispersed in the matrix before burnishing, and the amount of GP zones decreased dramatically after burnishing processing. Additionally, the grains in the surficial layer were refined into nano-crystals with an average grain size of 78 nm. Burnishing treatment not only led to formation of large number of dislocation substructures in the sub-surface and near-matrix surface, but also promoted the precipitation of metastable η' phase at grain boundaries. The synergistic effects of the grain refinement, dislocation multiplication and the precipitation of η' phase strengthen the burnished layer of Al-Zn-Mg alloy.     

水泥浆对地层损害的研究

本文是在模拟井下实验的基础上,研究了泥浆与水泥浆对地层的损害问题。研究表明泥浆对地层的损害比水泥浆严重得多。泥浆形成的内外泥饼及岩心的渗滤特性,限制了水泥颗粒及滤液进入地层的数量,降低了水泥浆对地层的损害。在井壁1 ~ 2 cm内,主要是水泥颗粒堵塞造成的损害,而2 cm以外的地层则是水泥浆滤液中的沉淀物造成的损害。文章还深入地分析了水泥浆的污染深度,滤液中的成分,沉淀物的数量及析出的先后次序等问题。     

二溴对甲基偶氮羧催化动力学光度法测定岩石及粮食中铁

研究了痕量铁对高碘酸钾氧化二溴对甲基偶氮羧的催化作用 ,发现其在H2 SO4 介质中具有高灵敏的反应 ,检出限为 8.2 2× 1 0 -11g/m L,线性范围为 Fe( ) 0～ 0 .1 8μg/2 5m L。可用于测定岩石及粮食中的铁