加Nb中锰钢晶粒细化机理的研究

用扫描电镜,透射电镜及热力学计算相结合的方法,研究中锰钢晶粒细化机理的结果表明:在中锰钢中加入0.232％Nb和0.048％N,钢中可形成NbN和Nb_2C等化合物,它们可作为非自发结晶核心。这些晶核满足热力学及晶面条件,并在电镜下得到证实,从而使钢的晶粒度由原来的1～2级细化到6～7级,机械性能也大大提高。     

Ellipse detection and phase demodulation for wood grain orientation measurement based on the tracheid effect

The methods of ellipse detection and phase demodulation for determining wood grain orientation are proposed. These methods are based on the tracheid effect—laser beam impinging upon a wood surface forms an elongated laser spot with its direction indicative of the grain orientation. Experimental results show that the method of ellipse detection is suitable for the grain orientation measurement on planed softwood surfaces, while the method of phase demodulation is capable of extracting the grain orientation precisely from laser images with low signal-to-noise ratio, such as the images on the surfaces of hardwood species or roughsawn materials.     

稻米外观品质的遗传研究

采用华矮837、8216、桂朝2号、Dawn和Starbonnet77共5个籼稻品种配制完全双列杂交。测定F_1代和各亲本的米粒长度、米粒宽度、长/宽和垩白等级4个外观品质性状。按Hayman双列杂交法估算各性状的遗传参数,并对这4个性状进行基因型相关分析。     

Application of the quartz crystal microbalance for the investigation of nanotribological processes

The electrochemical preparation of copper layers was investigated using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) with damping monitoring. The damping increase during the deposition could be separated into two contributions arising from an internal and an external friction process. External friction comes from the coupling of the shear motion of the rough metal surface to the viscous liquid. Internal friction occurred only in the coarse grained layers and can be explained by phonon excitations at the grain boundaries.Presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Electrochemical Processing of Tailored Materials held at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry, 15–20 September 2002, Düsseldorf, Germany     

共沉法制备PbTiO3微粉控制晶粒大小方法的研究

研究了超声分散作用和共沉物陈化条件对共沉法制备ＰｂＴｉＯ３微粉晶粒大小的影响，结果表明，在超声分散作用下进行共沉反应可使晶粒明显减小，并可降低ＰｂＴｉＯ３的晶化温度，共沉物在不同类型的表面活性剂水溶液中陈化效果不同，非离子型表面活性剂及其混合物可使陈化物粒子及ＰｂＴｉＯ３晶粒明显减小。     

一种新型的卤化银颗粒尺寸和分布测定法-电解还原法及其测定仪

电解还原法是近年来国际上逐步使用的一种新的卤化银颗粒尺寸和分布测定的方法．用此方法，我们研制了我国第一台微机化的测量仪。这台仪器可以测量直径从0.1μm至40μm的所有各种卤化银颗粒，而且全部操作，包括信号的提取、识别、数字化转换以及数据处理都是自动进行。与过去常用的测量方法，如电镜图象分析法、离心沉降法以及激光散射法相比，此方法测量快速，测量精度高并且设备投资少，操作方便．此外，我们还对电解法与电镜法的测试结果作了比较。     

The study of grain orientation distributions and grain boundary misorientation distributions in 304 and 316L stainless steels

Orientation distribution functions in two recrystallized austenitic stainless steels (AISI types 304 and 316L) with known grain boundary misorientation distributions have been studied. Previously obtained data on grain boundary spectra in these steels have been re-examined and analyzed from the point of view of texture analysis.The results obtained have shown that there is no unambiguous relatonship between grain boundary misorientation distribution and grain orientation distribution (ODF) determined by the X-ray analysis in the materials under study. This ambiguity is due to the following reason. In the grain boundary misorientation statistics only nearest-neighbor grains are taken into account, but in the orientation distribution function orientations are averaged over the entire volume of the specimen independent as to whether the grains are adjacent or not. Two main results were established for the steels under study: (i) Textures of the two steels differ, though their grain boundary misorientation distributions are similar; and (ii) misorientations of the majority of grain boundaries can be described as rotations about the axes close to 110.     

Effect of solidification rate on the coarsening behavior of precipitate in rapidly solidified Al-Si alloy

The gas-atomized Al-Si alloy powder with different particle sizes was subjected to isothermal annealing for understanding the effect of solidification rate on precipitation and growth Si crystals. The results show that Si precipitates grew more quickly in the small samples with a large solidification rate due to high interfacial energy. Moreover, these Si crystals had a tendency to form a quasi-spherical shape after annealing at a low temperature or for a short holding time. Coarsening of the Si precipitates during annealing was examined using a LSW equation. Thermal stability of the rapidly solidified alloy was significantly influenced by its original microstructure as a result of high solidification rate. Furthermore, more serious clustering of Si-Si phase was also observed in the small samples, attributed to the rapid coarsening of the Si phases.     

超临界流体萃取气相色谱法测定粮谷中拟除虫菊酯残留量

本文建立了一种离线超临界流体萃取、气相色谱法快速测定粮谷（大米、小米、玉米）中的二氯苯醚菊酯、氯氰菊酯、速灭杀丁、溴氰菊酯等４种拟除虫菊酯残留量的方法。在优化条件下，菊酯被提取并收集于正己烷中，定容后直接进行气相色谱测定。整个分析时间小于１ｈ。