红金银花组织培养中防褐化技术实验

在红金银花的组织培养中,防止组织褐变是培养成功与否的关键技术之一.本实验研究表明:红金银花的未木质化茎段和顶芽较适宜作组织培养的外植体;外植体木质化和半木质化茎段以4~6 mm为宜,未木质化和顶芽茎段的大小以操作方便为宜;0.1%Vc和0.3%的活性炭在红金银花的组织培养中可有效地防止外植体组织褐化;2 mg/L 6-BA易引发褐变,2 mg/L KT和2 mg/Lα-NAA对组织褐变影响与对照相比差异不大;采用仿自然气候(20℃-1500 Lx-4 h-85%→25℃-2000 Lx-8 h-85%→20℃-1500 Lx-4 h-85%→18℃-0 Lx-8 h-85%)培养可有效抑制褐变的发生.     

枇杷叶中三萜类成分的研究

采用色谱方法对枇杷叶成分进行分离纯化,并依据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果从枇杷叶乙醇提取物中分离到13个化合物,经鉴定为三萜和脂肪醇类物质,其中三萜：乌苏酸 (1)、蔷薇酸 (2)、齐墩果酸 (3)、2α, 19α-二羟基-3-羰基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸 (4)、2α, 3β, 13β-三羟基-11-烯-28-乌苏酸 (5)、2α-羟基白桦脂酸甲酯 (6)、科罗索酸甲酯 (7)、乌苏醇 (8)、科罗索酸 (9)、2α, 3α, 19α-三羟基-12-烯-28-齐墩果酸 (10) 、β-谷甾醇 (11)、2α, 3α, 19α, 23四羟基齐墩果酸 (12);脂肪醇：正二十一烷醇 (13)。化合物5、6、8、12和13是首次从枇杷属植物中分离得到。     

国槐及其变种、变型花粉形态的比较研究

利用扫描电镜对国槐（Sophova japonica L．）及其变种、变型的花粉形态进行了观察,描述了其花粉形态特征．通过比较研究表明花粉具有种内一致性,均为长球形,具3条萌发沟;花粉大小和表面纹饰的形态结构特征表现出种、变种和变异之间存在差异,可以作为分类依据．     

Understanding the Palatability,Flavor, Starch Functional Properties and Storability of Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice

The rice quality and starch functional properties, as well as the storability of three YY-IJHR cultivars, which included YY12 (biased japonica type YY-IJHR), YY1540 (intermedius type YY-IJHR) and YY15 (biased indica type YY-IJHR), were studied and compared to N84 (conventional japonica rice). The study results suggested that the three YY-IJHR varieties all had greater cooking and eating quality than N84, as they had lower amylose and protein content. The starch of YY-IJHR has a higher pasting viscosity and digestibility, and there was a significant difference among the three YY-IJHR cultivars. Rice aroma components were revealed by GC-IMS, which indicated that the content of alcohols vola-tile components of YY-IJHR were generally lower, whereas the content of some aldehydes and esters were higher than N84. In addition, YY-IJHR cultivars’ FFA and MDA contents were lower, which demonstrated that YY-IJHR had a higher palatability and storability than those of N84 in fresh rice and rice stored for 12 months. In conclusion, this study suggested that YY-IJHR had better rice quality and storability than N84. PCA indicated that the grain quality and storability of YY12 and YY15 were similar and performed better than YY1540, while the aroma components and starch functional properties of YY-IJHR cultivars all had significant differences.     

蓝萼香茶菜提取液抑菌作用研究

分别以无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯、三氯甲烷、蒸馏水和丙酮作为提取剂,用回流提取的方式提取蓝萼香茶菜[Isodon japonica(Burm.f.)Hara var.glaucocalyx(Maxim.)Hara]的5种提取液,分别采用滤纸片法和平板稀释法测定提取液对大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、变形杆菌、米曲菌的抑菌效力及最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果显示,5种提取液对实验菌均有抑菌作用,对4种致病菌的MIC的排列顺序为:无水乙醇提取液<三氯甲烷提取液<丙酮提取液<乙酸乙酯提取液<蒸馏水提取液。     

日本绣线菊扦插试验研究

用不同基质对日本绣线菊插条进行处理,以河沙＋锯末（3：1）为扦插基质的日本绣线菊插条生根情况最好,生根率达到94.1%,平均每个插条上的生根数达到12.6条。在不同浓度生根粉处理中,浓度为2 000mg/kg时效果最好,插条的生根率和生根条数分别为96.5%和14.1条。     

槐花米中提取芦丁的微型实验探讨

以微型实验为手段，对槐花米中提取芦丁方法进行了探讨，确定了提取芦丁酸化时的最佳酸性条件，其为pH=4．0～5．0．同时用微型索氏提取器对常用提取方法进行了改进，用该法提取的芦丁虽然提取率较低，但纯度高，且操作方便．     

Determination of oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and amygdalin in the flower of Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. by HPLC

Simple and accurate HPLC methods were developed for the determination of oleanolic acid (OA), ursolic acid (UA) and amygdalin in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) flower, which is commonly used for the treatment of various diseases as a traditional Chinese medicine. HPLC assay was performed on a reversed-phase C(18) column and all three compounds were detected at 210 nm with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The mobile phase consisted of methanol (A) and 0.03 mol/L phosphate buffer (pH 2.8) (B) with a ratio of 88:12 (A:B, v/v) for simultaneous detection of OA and UA, and 25:75 (A:B, v/v) for detection of amygdalin. The established methods showed good precision and accuracy with overall intra-day and inter-day variation of 0.99-3.55 and 1.05-4.05%, respectively, and overall recoveries of 97.37-99.32% for the three compounds. Application of these methods to determine the OA, UA and amygdalin contents in loquat flower showed that cultivar had a minor effect on the contents of all three compounds, with average amounts of 0.38-0.51 mg OA/g dry weight (DW), 2.15-2.68 mg UA/g DW and 1.23-1.56 mg amygdalin/g DW among five loquat cultivars tested. However, developmental stages and flower tissues showed significant effect on the contents of all three bioactive components.     

硝氮和紫外辐射对龙须菜碳氮利用的影响

【目的】探讨大型海藻龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)碳氮利用对紫外辐射(UVR)的响应,揭示可利用氮在其中的调节作用。【方法】设置2种硝氮浓度(低氮,50μmol·L-1;高氮,500μmol·L-1)和3种不同波长的光辐射处理(P,395~700nm;PA,320~700nm;PAB,295~700nm),龙须菜叶状体在上述不同条件下适应培养25d后,测定藻体的硝氮和无机碳利用情况。【结果】PA和PAB条件下培养的龙须菜,对硝氮的最大吸收速率显著升高,尤其在高氮条件下升高更加明显。P条件下,高氮适应培养的藻体硝酸还原酶(nitrate reduscate,NR)活性显著降低;但在PA和PAB下没有发现这种氮营养史的影响。UVR显著降低了龙须菜的最大光合固碳速率(Pmax)和对外源无机碳的半饱和常数(KDIC),提高了总碳酸酐酶(carbonic anhydrase,CA)的活性。高氮适应下藻体的最大光合固碳速率和总CA活性显著升高,同时半饱和常数显著降低。【结论】UVR的存在能够促进龙须菜对外源硝氮的吸收利用,抑制海藻光合固碳能力,但可利用氮的加富可以缓解UVR对龙须菜光合作用的抑制。     

固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱法测定枇杷花中有机氯农药残留量

建立了枇杷花中有机氯类农药残留量的固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱(SPE-CGC)分析方法。对采自福建蒲田等12地的枇杷花中六六六(4种异构体)、滴滴涕(4种异构体)、五氯硝基苯共9种有机氯农药的残留量进行了测定。样品采用丙酮超声波提取,浓缩后过Florisil固相萃取小柱净化,洗脱剂为V(正己烷)∶V(丙酮)100∶1。用DB-1701弹性石英毛细管气相色谱柱分离样品,微电子捕获检测器进行检测。9种有机氯农药的峰面积与其质量浓度均有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,最低检测限为0.016~0.125μg/L,样品的加标回收率为85.4%~106.9%,相对标准偏差为1.8%~9.8%。该方法能够满足农药残留检测的要求。