HPLC-DAD法测定西藏产区金银花花蕾及叶中化学成分含量

采用高效液相色谱 二极管阵列检测法（HPLC DAD）,对8批西藏产区的“亚特一号”良种金银花花蕾和叶中的活性成分进行了分析。测定了其中的8种主要化合物绿原酸、木犀草苷、马钱酸、隐绿原酸、马钱苷、断氧化马钱苷、芦丁、异绿原酸C的质量分数,分别为花蕾：3.85%、0.15%、0.18%、0.15%、0.11%、0.11%、0.17%和0.11%;叶：3.58%、0.79%、0.40%、0.08%、0.07%、0.24%、0.18%和0.05%。该研究为快速探明西藏产区良种金银花中的化学成分及进一步开发利用提供了方法和数据支持。     

Rapid and quantitative determination of 10 major active components in Lonicera japonica Thunb. by ultrahigh pressure extraction-HPLC/DAD

An ultrahigh pressure extraction (UPE)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/diode array detector (DAD) method was established to evaluate the quality of Lonicera japonica Thunb. Ten active components, including neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, luteoloside, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, and quercetin, were qualitatively evaluated and quantitatively determined. Scanning electron microscope images elucidated the bud surface microstructure and extraction mechanism. The optimal extraction conditions of the UPE were 60% methanol solution, 400?MPa of extraction pressure, 3?min of extraction time, and 1:30 (g/mL) solid:liquid ratio. Under the optimized conditions, the total extraction yield of 10 active components was 57.62?mg/g. All the components showed good linearity (r² ≥ 0.9994) and recoveries. This method was successfully applied to quantify 10 components in 22 batches of L. japonica samples from different areas. Compared with heat reflux extraction and ultrasonic-assisted extraction, UPE can be considered as an alternative extraction technique for fast extraction of active ingredient from L. japonica.     

冬季低温对耐冬山茶种子萌发的影响

为探讨分布北界的山茶花种群耐冬山茶的冬季低温适应规律,模拟自然冬季温度特点,进行了温度对耐冬种子萌发影响的实验.结果表明:常绿阔叶树种耐冬种子同样具有适应冬季低温的冬休眠特性,10~15℃是解除其休眠的最有效低温,适宜发芽温度范围是10~20℃,最适宜发芽温度为15℃,属于南方系冬休眠类型,有50%多的种子能够忍受10℃以下冬季低温越冬.     

日本黄姑鱼与(鮸)状黄姑鱼的分子标记和遗传变异

利用RAPD技术对日本黄姑鱼(Nibea japonica)和(鮸)状黄姑鱼(Nibea miichthioides)养殖群体进行了基因组DNA遗传分析.从120个随机引物中,筛选出19个扩增效果好,条带清晰的引物进行扩增.结果表明:(1)日本黄姑鱼和(鮸)状黄姑鱼群体内个体间的平均遗传相似度分别为0.885 3和0.890 1;用SPSS软件对群体内个体间遗传相似度的方差分析结果表明,在(鮸)状黄姑鱼群体内存在显著差异(P＜0.05),而在日本黄姑鱼群体内则差异不显著,表明日本黄姑鱼的种质较单一,存在近交衰退的危险;(2)2种黄姑鱼之间相似度为0.785 0,遗传距离为0.215 0,由此判断2种黄姑鱼为同一属的2个不同物种,这与形态学分析的结果相一致.     

龙须菜对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)毒性的响应

在实验条件下,研究邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)暴露对龙须菜生理生化指标的影响。结果显示,在低质量浓度DMP(≤0.1 mg.L-1)下暴露时,叶绿素a(Chla)质量分数随暴露时间的延长呈明显上升趋势,暴露20 d时Chla质量分数(以鲜质量计)为0.193 mg.g-1,较之对照组上升了27.81%,短时间内(≤5 d)DMP可促进可溶性蛋白质量分数增加(最大值为1.516%),诱导过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(以鲜质量计)上升(最大值为205.822μ.g-1.m in-1)和丙二醛(MDA)含量下降(最小值为16.54μmol.g-1),促进龙须菜生长;当DMP质量浓度≥0.3 mg.L-1时,Chla质量分数随着DMP质量浓度的升高和暴露时间的延长呈明显下降趋势,高质量浓度DMP组暴露20 d时,Chla质量分数降至0.118 mg.g-1,较之对照组下降了21.85%,DMP引起可溶性蛋白质量分数逐渐降低,抑制CAT活性,并使MDA明显增加,抑制龙须菜生长。DMP暴露20 d内,过氧化物酶(POD)活性随DMP质量浓度的升高和暴露时间的延长持续受到抑制,而谷胱甘肽氧化酶(GSH-PX)活性与暴露时间呈抛物线型时间-效应关系。     

不同因子对“金丰一号”金银花生根的影响

研究了基本培养基,IBA,活性炭和蔗糖对“金丰一号”金银花生根的影响,结果表明:基本培养基为1/2 MS时,生根效果较佳;IBA 3 mg·L-1,时,试管苗生长较好,生根也快;从节约成本出发,蔗糖的浓度为15 g·L-1对生根较为有利.即适于生根的培养基为1/2 MS+IBA 3 mg·L-1+0.2 g·L-1活性...     

海带抗氧化多酚的制备及活性研究

用1:1的氯仿:甲醇超声提取海带成分,并用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次进行萃取,利用DPPH法、邻二氮菲-Fe2+氧化法、铁氰化钾还原法和邻苯三酚自氧化进行抗氧化实验,同时与抗氧化剂2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)和没食子酸(GA)进行对照。结果显示海带提取物与各萃取组分均具有较强的抗氧化能力,其中乙酸乙酯提取物(EA)抗氧化活性最强。在50μg/mL浓度时,EA清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的能力和还原能力均高于抗氧化剂BHT,且清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力也高于GA;另外,Aqueous组分在所有测定浓度下清除羟自由基能力均高于GA,清除O2-的能力也高于BHT。海带各提取物总酚含量的分析表明总酚含量与抗氧化活性之间具有一定的相关性,总酚含量高其抗氧化能力也相应提高,表明多酚是提取物中重要的抗氧化成分。4种抗氧化方法的比较表明DPPH法的相关系数最高(R=0.987),是海带体外抗氧化实验最有效的方法。     

不同处理技术对结缕草返青时间的影响

研究结果表明：刈剪和火烧分别使结缕草草坪提前返青３９天和２１天。     

槐花中黄酮类物质提取研究

利用青海当地槐花资源，采用两种不同的方法对槐花中的黄酮类化合物进行了提取研究。比较不同提取方法的提取率及提取物中黄酮类化合物的百分含量，找出最佳提取方法。为西部开发、青海经济发展提供一条新的途径。     

Calcium pretreatment increases thermotolerance of Laminaria japonica sporophytes

Calcium is a secondary messenger in plant signaling,and its concentration changes spatially and temporally during the course of heat stress.In the present study,potassium antimonate was used to visualize calcium localization in blades of a marine macroalga,the juvenile Laminariajaponica sporophytes under heat stress (25 ℃).Result showed that loosely bound calcium was mainly distributed on the cell wall under normal conditions (10 ℃),and flowed into the cytoplasm when exposed to heat.The simutaneous assay on the antioxidant system changes was performed.Oxidative damage,as measured by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) malondialdehyde (MDA) content,increased significantly during heat stress,and calcium pretreatment alleviated oxidative damage.The assay on the activities of six antioxidant enzymes demonstrated that their enzymatic activities were inhibited when exposed to heat stress,but Ca2+ pretreatment effectively attenuated the inhibition.Results in the present study inferred that calcium homeostasis plays an essential role in L.japonica sporophyte when exposed to heat,and calcium pretreatment could improve its thermo-tolerance.