Mass‐spectrometry‐directed analysis and purification of pyrrolizidine alkaloid cis/trans isomers in Gynura japonica

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are highly hepatotoxic natural chemicals that produce irreversible chronic and acute hepatotoxic effects on human beings. Purification of large amounts of pyrrolizidine alkaloids is necessary for toxicity studies. In this study, an efficient method for targeted analysis and purification of pyrrolizidine alkaloid cis/trans isomers from herbal materials was developed for the first time. Targeted analysis of the hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids was performed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (precursor ion scan and daughter ion scan), and the purification of pyrrolizidine alkaloids was achieved with a mass‐directed auto purification system. The extraction and preparative liquid chromatography conditions were optimized. The developed method was applied to analysis of Gynura japonica (Thunb.) Juel., a herbal medicine traditionally used for detumescence and relieving pain but is potentially hepatotoxic as it contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Twelve pyrrolizidine alkaloids (six cis/trans isomer pairs) were identified with reference compounds or characterized by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, and five individual pyrrolizidine alkaloids, including (E)‐seneciphylline, seneciphylline, integerrimine, senecionine, and seneciphyllinine, were prepared from G. japonica roots with high efficiency. The results of this work provide a new technique for the preparation of large amounts of pyrrolizidine alkaloid reference substances, which will also benefit toxicological studies of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and treatments for pyrrolizidine alkaloid‐induced toxicity.     

STUDY ON THE BLOOD FAT REGULATION OF THE FUCOIDA—GALACTOSAN SULFATE（FGS） FROM LAMINARIA JAPONICA

FGS was isolated and purified from laminaria japonica by enzymolysis,chromatography methods and so on.The high blood fat model was established by feeding mouse on high fat feedstuff.Compared with control group,the concentration of HDL-C.the ratio of HDL-C.TC increased.while the concentration of TC,LDL-C and TG decreased in experimental groups,Conclusion:FGS was an effective serum lipid regulator and can be developed as medicine and health food.     

STUDY ON THE BLOOD FAT REGULATION OF THE FUCOIDA-GALACTOSAN SULFATE (FGS) FROM LAMINARIA JAPONICA

1. INTRODUCTION Blood fat primarily contains cholesterol, cholesterol ester, phosphatide, triglyceride and free fatty acid in serum of human being and mammalian. Under physiological conditions, the lipids transport in the form of lipoproteins linked with the proteins. Except for the free fatty acid linked with albumin, the other lipids are linked with the globular proteins into high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and so…     

涡虫在异物穿插状态下脱逃的实验观察

用昆虫针在涡虫对称线上的咽前部、咽和咽后部垂直刺穿后收针,术后12h针伤愈合;在刺穿的针孔处穿插头发,术后1—74h涡虫以身体一侧横裂的方式脱逃,脱逃位置在身体两侧的机会均等.涡虫去头后于咽部穿插头发,脱逃的时间、方式与有头涡虫无明显区别.     

青岛沿海岛屿生物多样性研究(Ⅱ)山茶(Camellia japonica)种群分布格局

应用泊松分布、负二项分布和奈曼分布三种理论分布模型，对取自长门岩岛的山茶种群的样方资料进行了分布格局的研究．结果表明，该种群的实际频数符合负二项分布，因此判定种群的分布格局为聚集分布．通过对种群的聚集强度指数的计算，求得各参数分别为二项参数（Ｋ）０．６２９１，扩散系数（Ｃ）１７．７３７２，丛生指标（Ｉ）１６．７３７２，Ｃａｓｉｅ指标（１／Ｋ）１．５８９６，聚块性指标为（ｍ／ｍ）２．５８９６，均表明为强聚集分布．     

利用污泥建植结缕草草坪及生产结缕草草皮卷的试验研究

研究了不同污泥配比建植结缕草草坪、生产结缕草草皮卷的效果，结果表明污泥对结缕草的生长有很好的促进作用，其最佳配比为：50％污泥＋40％土＋10％沙。各处理间对草皮卷韧性的影响效果不显著。     

处理因素对龙须菜藻红蛋白抗氧化活性的影响

比较多种细胞破碎方法、不同硫酸铵浓度对龙须菜藻红蛋白的提取、分离效果,探讨不同光照、温度、pH等处理条件对藻红蛋白粗提物抗氧化活性的影响.结果表明,采用组织捣碎破壁细胞,50%饱和度硫酸铵沉淀藻红蛋白提取效果较好;温度、光照和不适宜pH均会导致藻红蛋白粗提物清除.OH自由基能力降低甚至起促氧化作用.因此对龙须菜原料的保存、加工及藻红蛋白的提取分离等必须在低温、避光、中性环境下进行,以保证藻红蛋白的稳定性.     

在阳泉市郊区产业化发展金银花的可行性研究

介绍了金银花的生物学特性及功用,对金银花作为阳泉市郊区发展主栽品种的可行性进行了探讨,并对其经济效益进行了分析。     

近海赤潮消亡后水体缺氧的预测与生物防治方法初探

福建省东山县八尺门网箱养殖区发生中肋骨条藻赤潮期间,跟踪监测赤潮消亡过程及消亡后DO的变化,同时采用室内模拟的方法观测.研究江蓠对赤潮消亡后水体DO的影响.结果表明:江蓠可以减缓赤潮消亡后出现的水体缺氧;采用室内模拟的方法可以预测海区赤潮消亡后DO的变化趋势.     

性类固醇激素诱导雌性日本鳗鲡性腺发育过程中钙和脂肪的动员

7次埋植雄烯二酮(ADSD)或甲基睾酮（MT）后雌鳗的性腺成熟系数（GSI）显著升高,分别达到（24.94±7.24）%和（18.67±7.56）%,其肝体系数（HSI）也显著高于对照组;雌鳗卵巢中钙和脂肪含量明显提高,水分含量显著降低,灰分含量没有明显变化;肝脏中钙和脂肪含量也明显提高,水分和灰分含量明显降低;红肌和白肌中脂肪和灰分的含量则明显降低,水分和钙含量无明显变化;骨骼中钙含量明显降低,水分含量显著增加,脂肪和灰分的含量没有明显变化.表明ADSD和MT促进了钙从骨骼中和脂肪从肌肉组织中的动员,从而为雌性日本鳗鲡(Anguillajaponica)的卵巢发育提供了物质基础.