A new apparatus for the extraction of organic compounds from aqueous solutions

A new apparatus for the extraction of organic compounds from sea water is described. With this apparatus it is possible to extract 54 standard compounds with high recovery percentages from 9 1 of sea water with 3 ml ofn-hexane. The analysis time (about 1 h) is appreciably lower than those of the extraction methods based on RP-18 and Carbopack-B adsorption (about 15 h). Furthermore, it is possible to analyze samples without filtration. An application of this method to the analysis of Tirreno sea water is reported.     

新的脉冲进样AAS法测定“麻杏石甘汤”中的微量金属元素

本文研制了一种新的脉冲进样装置，用于火娄原子吸收分光光度法测定中药煎剂中的Ｃａ，Ｍｇ，Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ，Ｚｎ五种金属元素含量，实验表明，利用此种装置可以同时获得两种进样方式的分析结果，线性范围比常规法宽两倍，耗样量，精密度及分析速度均优于常规法。     

Improvement of direct determination of Cu and Mn in seawater by GFAAS and total elimination of the saline matrix with the use of hydrofluoric acid

Hydrofluoric acid, added to seawater, can assist in the removal of chloride in the drying step by precipitating fluoride salts, thus suppressing the chloride interference effects induced on the atomization signals of Cu and Mn. By adding HF to seawater before the analysis, MgF₂ and CaF₂ are precipitated at the bottom of the sampling flask, without precipitating Cu and Mn, and are consequently not introduced into the graphite furnace. Because sodium salts are eliminated at the pretreatment step, the whole seawater matrix is eliminated before the atomization of Cu or Mn. Therefore, the analyzed volume of seawater can be increased by using the multi-injection procedure without degradation of the limit of detection and risks of spectral interferences. The limit of detection obtained for Cu and Mn are 0.05 and 0.01 μg L⁻¹, respectively, for a 50 μL analyzed seawater volume.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱无标样分析法的研究：Ⅰ.消除基体干扰

实现石墨炉原子吸收光谱绝对分析必须消除基体干扰，本研究采用有机基体改进剂，管壁原子化、热解涂层石墨管，峰面积积分吸收信号，Ｄ２灯或Ｚｅｅｍａｎ效应扣除背景，有效地控制和消除了海水基体对Ａｓ，Ｃｄ，Ｃｏ，Ｃｒ，Ｃｕ，Ｍｎ，Ｎｉ，Ｐｂ和Ｖ等元素的干扰，实现了无干扰测定。     

钯镁基体改进剂对铅,铋,锗在石墨炉中原子化影响的研究

通过原子吸收和X-射线衍射分析证明,加入钯镁基体改进剂在预热处理后对Pb、Bi和Ge三个元素分别生成金属间化合物PbPd_3、BiPd_3、Ge_9Pd_(23)和其他化合物,从而提高了最高允许灰化温度,改变了原子化机理。在原子化阶段这些金属间化合物直接分解为金属原子,结果提高测定灵敏度。     

Determination of mercury in soils and sediments by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with slurry sampling

A graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric procedure for the determination of mercury is presented, in which the samples are suspended in a solution containing hydrofluoric and nitric acids. Silver nitrate (4% m/v) and potassium permanganate (3%) are incorporated, in the order specified, and aliquots are directly introduced into the graphite furnace. A fast heating programme with no conventional pyrolysis step is used. The detection limit for mercury in a 125 mg ml⁻¹ suspension is 0.1 μg g⁻¹. Calibration is performed by using aqueous standards. The reliability of the procedure is proved by analysing certified reference materials.     

氢化物石墨炉原子吸收光谱法应用研究——Ⅱ.超痕量汞的测定

本文使用涂金石墨管,自制氢化物石墨炉进样系统及连续流动氢化物发生器,直接测定了粮食,植物及水中的痕量汞。该法实用性强,线性范围宽,精密度好,准确度高。灵敏度为1.1ng/L,检出限(3σ)为0.8ng/L。     

玻璃池窑的计算机辅助设计 I.燃油蓄热室流液洞马蹄焰玻璃池窑

用理论和实践经验相结合的方法,采用ＢｏｒｌａｄｎＣ＋＋语言设计了一个燃油蓄热室流液洞马蹄焰玻璃池窑,用ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ１２．０版软件包绘制了三张窑炉图（平面图、横剖面图、纵剖面图）。     

高炉专家系统知识表达方法

分析了高炉炉况知识的特征。对各种知识表达方法进行了具体的分析并给出了实例,提出了采用“产生式规则＋框架＋语义网＋神经网络＋过程”的综合知识表达方法。     

Metal furnace heated by flame as a hydride atomizer for atomic absorption spectrometry: Sb determination in environmental and pharmaceutical samples

The present work describes a metallic hydride atomizer for atomic absorption spectrometry, by evaluating the performance of the Inconel 600^® tube. For this purpose, stibine was used as the model volatile compound and antimony determination in river and lake sediments and in pharmaceutical samples was carried out to assess the metal furnace performance. Some parameters are evaluated such as those referring to the generation and transport of the hydride (such as KBH₄ and acid concentrations, carrier gas flow rate, injected volume, etc.), as well as those referring to the metal furnace (such as tube hole area, flame composition, long-term stability, etc.). The method presents linear Sb concentration from 2 to 80 μg L⁻¹ range (r > 0.998; n = 3) and the analytical frequency of ca. 140 h⁻¹. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.23 μg L⁻¹ and the precision, expressed as R.S.D., is less than 5% (40 μg L⁻¹; n = 10). The accuracy is evaluated through the reference materials, and the results are similar at 95% confidence level according to the t-test.