灵芝真菌发酵生产灵芝多糖和灵芝酸

提出了灵芝真菌同时高效生产灵芝多糖和灵芝酸的发酵过程。在摇瓶中考察了氮源、接种量、起始葡萄糖浓度和装液量对灵芝细胞生长及灵芝多糖和灵芝酸生产的影响。结果表明 ,酵母膏和蛋白胨复配作为氮源有利于细胞生长。接种量对细胞量有一定影响 ,但是对产物积累量影响更大。在 50 g/ L起始糖浓度下 ,细胞干重达到 1 6.7g/ L,胞内多糖、胞外多糖和灵芝酸分别达 1 .1 9g/ L,0 .854g/ L和 2 1 2 .3mg/ L。考察装液量发现 ,小装液量有利于提高细胞生长速率和产物的生产速率     

以灵芝为主要成分的复方中药抗癌作用初探

灵芝发酵液添加黄芪 ,人参 ,白术等中药的有效抗癌成分 ,制成中药制剂 ,通过动物实验检测药物对实验肿瘤小鼠S1 80 的抑制作用和对超氧化物歧化酶的影响 .结果显示 ,药物具有抑制肿瘤小鼠S1 80 的作用 ,其中以中剂量组抑瘤率最佳 ,达 6 6 .92 % ,与阴性对照组比较差异非常显著 .药物具有提高体内SOD活性的作用 ,与阴性对照组比较 ,中剂量组差异非常显著 (P <0 .0 1) ,高剂量组和低级量组差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) .     

Determination of storage stability of the crude extracts of Ganoderma lucidum using FTIR and 2D-IR spectroscopy

In this paper, the feasibility and advantage of employing FTIR spectroscopy and the corresponding second-derivative spectroscopy combined with 2D-IR spectroscopy for the analysis of water extracts of Ganoderma lucidum with different storage durations were investigated and demonstrated for the first time. In order to compare the second-derivative microscopic fingerprint spectra from the four periods of storage, the range from 1200 to 500 cm⁻¹ has to be ignored due to the detection of starch in the samples and the standard as well. This is crucial because the main characteristic band of polysaccharide was assigned within this range. The addition of starch as outer constituent was considered spoilage of polysaccharide content investigation. In fact, polysaccharide content in G. lucidum plays a main role as anti-cancer properties. The ranges from 1480 to 1200 cm⁻¹ and from 1700 to 1480 cm⁻¹ were interpreted and directly compared. For the range (from 1800 to 400 cm⁻¹), the 22 months sample was closest to the control, followed by 38 months, 13 months and 6 months product. The matching of the extract spectra with the control was not consistent and depended on which range of spectra had been chosen. Many factors can be considered which may have possibly affected inferences of the composition of the extract from different storage durations.     

Ethyl lucidenates A reverses P-glycoprotein mediated vincristine resistance in K562/A02 cells

Multidrug resistance is a major unresolved obstacle to successful cancer chemotherapy. It is often associated with an elevated efflux of a variety of anticancer drugs by ATP-binding cassette transporters including P-glycoprotein, BCRP and MRP1. In this study, the reversal effect of Ethyl lucidenates A on K562/A02 cells was investigated. At concentrations of 10 μM, Ethyl lucidenates A could reverse the resistance of K562/A02 to vincristine up to 7.59 folds. Mechanistically, Ethyl lucidenates A could increase the intracellular accumulation of vincristine in K562/A02 cells through inhibiting the P-glycoprotein mediated drug-transport activity by rhodamine accumulation assay and cell cycle analysis. Further mechanistic investigation found that Ethyl lucidenates A did not alter P-glycoprotein expression. In conclusion, Ethyl lucidenates A could reverse the multidrug resistance of K562/A02 cells via its influence on P-glycoprotein drug-transport activity and thus, be a potential multidrug resistance reversal agent.     

试论“萍实”是武功山巨型灵芝

公元前505年,楚昭王渡江时获得一个野生稀罕物。孔子说它叫萍实,是吉祥物。可是,现代的生物学和药学中,没有"萍实"一词。"萍实"是何生物,成了千年一谜。最近,我们研究发现:"萍实"就是武功山巨型灵芝。     

Comparison of Chemometric and Chromatographic Methods to Obtain Kinetic Parameters for Textile Dyes during a Biodegradation Process

The concentrations of three industrial-grade textile dyes were determined in a mixture after degradation by the fungus Ganoderma sp, by using the methods of UV-Vis spectrophotometry associated with Partial Least Squares regression and HPLC and comparing the results obtained from both methods. Using the concentrations calculated from the two methods, a kinetic study of the biodegradation mediated by the fungus was performed. The rate constants and the activation energies for this transformation were obtained for each dye in the mixture. The concentration of Remazol Blue R ESP could be determined by the HPLC method, and the value obtained was comparable with the result using the Partial Least Squares regression method. The Partial Least Squares regression method offers advantages over the HPLC method for the quantification of dyes in textile effluents, as it provides the kinetic parameters of the biodegradation reaction.     

Analysis of global components in Ganoderma using liquid chromatography system with multiple columns and detectors

In present study, a multiple columns and detectors liquid chromatography system for analysis of global components in traditional Chinese medicines was developed. The liquid chromatography system was consist of three columns, including size exclusion chromatography column, hydrophilic interaction chromatography column, and reversed phase chromato‐graphy column, and three detectors, such as diode array detector, evaporative light scattering detector, and mass spectrometry detector, based on column switching technique. The developed multiple columns and detectors liquid chromatography system was successfully applied to the analysis of global components, including macromolecular (polysaccharides), high (nucleosides and sugars)‐, and low (triterpenes)‐polarity small molecular compounds in Ganoderma, a well‐known Chinese medicinal mushroom. As a result, one macromolecular chromatographic peak was found in two Ganoderma species, 19 components were identified in Ganoderma lucidum (two sugars, three nucleosides, and 14 triterpenes), and four components (two sugars and two nucleosides) were identified in Ganoderma sinense. The developed multiple columns and detectors liquid chromatography system was helpful to understand comprehensive chemical characters in TCMs.     

Ultrasonically extracted β-d-glucan from artificially cultivated mushroom,characteristic properties and antioxidant activity

Ganoderma mushroom cultivated recently in Malaysia to produce chemically different nutritional fibers has attracted the attention of the local market. The extraction methods, molecular weight and degree of branching of (1-3; 1-6)-β-d-glucan polysaccharides is of prime importance to determine its antioxidant bioactivity. Therefore three extraction methods i.e. hot water extraction (HWE), soxhlet extraction (SE) and ultrasound assisted extraction (US) were employed to study the total content of (1-3; 1-6)-β-d-glucans, degree of branching, structural characteristics, monosaccharides composition, as well as the total yield of polysaccharides that could be obtained from the artificially cultivated Ganoderma. The physical characteristics by HPAEC-PAD, HPGPC and FTIR, as well as the antioxidant in vitro assays of DPPH scavenging activity and ferric reducing power (FRAP) indicated that (1-3; 1-6)-β-d-glucans of Malaysian mushroom have better antioxidant activity, higher molecular weight and optimal degree of branching when extracted by US in comparison with conventional methods.     

Preparative isolation of ganoderic acid S,ganoderic acid T and ganoderol B from Ganoderma lucidum mycelia by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography

Ganoderic acid S, ganoderic acid T and ganoderal B are the main bioactive triterpenes of Ganoderma lucidum. In this study, mycelia of G. lucidum were obtained by two‐stage fermentation and then extracted by ethanol and petroleum ether sequentially to obtain crude triterpenes. The crude sample was further purified by recycling high‐speed counter‐current chromatography with n‐hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (7:12:11:5, v/v/v/v) as the optimized two‐phase solvent system. A 16.4 mg aliquot of ganoderol B with a purity of 90.4% was separated from 300 mg of the crude sample in a single run. After employing the recycling elution mode of HSCCC with n‐hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (6:10:8:4.5, v/v/v/v) for five cycles, 25.7 mg ganoderic acid T and 3.7 mg ganoderic acid S with purities of 97.8 and 83.0%, respectively, were obtained. The purities of three compounds were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography and their chemical structures were identified by NMR and MS data.     

灵芝漆酶活性测定条件的优化

本研究以2,2’-连氮-二(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)(简称ABTS)为底物,测定灵芝漆酶活性的方法,探讨了酶反应温度、缓冲液及其pH值等条件对灵芝漆酶催化反应的影响。结果表明,ABTS法测定灵芝漆酶活性的最佳条件为:以pH3的0.05mol/L的磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸溶液为反应溶液,反应温度65℃。