Effects of curing agents and modified graphene oxide on the properties of XNBR composites

This paper investigates the effects of crosslinking methods on the incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) in carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) in the process of producing nanocomposites for chemical-resistant protective clothing and gloves. The novel aspect of the study is a comprehensive approach involving both unmodified GO as well as GO that was carboxylated to increase its affinity to XNBR and to facilitate its application. The nanostructure of XNBR composites was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to elucidate the chemical structure of the composites. Thermal stability studies were performed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The barrier properties of the composites were determined based on swelling, crosslinking density, and permeation by mineral oils. The mechanical tests included resistance to puncture and abrasion, stress at strain, and tensile strength. Contact angle was measured to determine the degree of hydrophobicity of the obtained composites.AFM and SEM images revealed the effects of different curing agents (sulfur, magnesium oxide, or a hybrid system) as well as GO type on the surface morphology of XNBR composites. The type of curing agent was found to affect the kind of crosslinks formed and their spatial network structure, as confirmed by FTIR. The DSC curves showed that the crosslinking methods of XNBR did not affect glass transition temperature, but led to large changes observed in the temperature range of 130–220 °C.The type of crosslinking method affected the degree of swelling. It was found that the incorporation of carbon nanofillers led to an improvement in the abrasion and puncture resistance as well as tensile strength of XNBR composites. The water contact angle of the composites indicated hydrophobicity. The properties of XNBR composites containing GO revealed their substantial application potential in protective clothing.     

Online Detection of Ropivacaine in Drip Bags Using Polypyrrole/graphene Oxide Materials

A novel method of measuring the concentration of the local anesthetic ropivacaine drip bags used in hospi‐ tals was developed using electrochemical impedance technique. Polypyrrole (Ppy)/graphene oxide (GO) composites were prepared by electrochemically polymerization over Au electrodes, which served as working electrodes. The Ppy/GO composite electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Various concentrations of ropivacaine (0.1–20 ppm) were prepared in a sample drip bag solution of 0.9 % NaCl from hostpital. The composite Ppy/1 % GO electrode exhibited strongest linearity (R²=0.960) than the Ppy electrode (R²=0.928) at a frequency of 100 kHz. The detection limits of ropivacaine on Ppy and Ppy/1 % GO were calculated as 0.11 ppm and 0.08 ppm, respectively. The proposed system yielded response and recovery times under 1 sec detecting 0.1 ppm (100 g/L) of ropivacaine; thus, the proposed online method is promising for measuring ropivacaine concentrations in drip bags. Molecular simulations and equivalent circuits were applied to explain the dynamic behavior of ropivacaine detection system using Ppy and Ppy/GO materials.     

一种改进的图形电磁计算(GRECO)多次散射计算方法

雷达目标中存在着大量的二面角结构,而二面角多次散射的贡献是目标远场雷达散射截面积的重要组成部分.针对传统图形电磁计算(graphical electromagnetic computing,GRECO)法中的缺陷,使用几何光学(geometry optics,GO)和物理光学(physics optics,PO)的混合方法完成目标多次散射计算,并提出一种基于最小夹角法的自适应步长搜索算法,对符合多次散射条件像素对的搜索进行了优化.使用该算法计算典型二面角模型和组合模型的远场雷达散射截面积,计算结果准确可信.该方法对目标隐身与反隐身研究以及目标自动识别具有良好的工程应用价值.     

模拟污水中氮、磷对水稻幼苗过氧化氢酶和乙醇酸氧化酶的影响

以水稻为材料，研究了不同浓度的模拟污水中Ｎ、Ｐ对幼苗过氧化氢酶（Ｃａｔａｌａｓｅ，ＣＡＴ，ＥＣ１．１１．１．６）、乙醇酸氧化酶（Ｇｌｅｃｏｌａｔｅｏｘｉｄａｓｅ，ＧＯ，ＥＣ１．３．３．１）、过氧化物酶（Ｐｅｒｏｘｉｄａｓｅ，ＰＯＤ，ＥＣ１．１１．１．７）和叶绿素含量的影响．结果表明：低浓度Ｎ、Ｐ（分别；在０～４．２８ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１、０～０．２ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１范围）可诱导ＣＡＴ活性增大，而后下降，Ｎ、Ｐ浓度分别超过８．５６ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１和０．４ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１后，活性又升高；ＰＯＤ的活性变化与ＣＡＴ变化很相似．Ｎ、Ｐ浓度分别在０～６．４２ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１、０～０．３ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１范围，ＧＯ活性随Ｎ、Ｐ浓度增高而活性下降，超过６．４２ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１、０．３ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１后，则随Ｎ、Ｐ浓度增大而增大．这可能是高浓度Ｎ、Ｐ可提高水稻的光呼吸的结果．另外，污水中Ｎ、Ｐ抑制叶绿素的合成，使叶绿素的含量降低；低浓度污水Ｎ、Ｐ促进根生长，高浓度Ｎ、Ｐ抑制根生长     

THE ROLE OF FRONTAL NEURONS IN PAIN AND ACUPUNCTURE ANALGESIA

To study the role of frontal neurons in pain and acupuncture analgesia, experiments were carried out on 4 monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during performing two tasks, the Heat Discrimination Response GO/NO-GO Task (Task Ⅰ) and the Heat Delayed Discrimination GO/NO-GO Task (Task Ⅱ). After a criterion of 90% of correct performances over three successive days had been reached, activity of single neurons was recorded from the frontal cortex. Of 276 Task Ⅰ-related neurons, 211 responded to noxious and/or innocuous heat stimuli. Of 73 Task Ⅱ-related neurons, 59 responded to noxious and/or innocuous heat stimuli. During acupuncture, the nociceptive reaction time for lever release to avoid painful stimuli was increased, the percentage of correct performances was lowered, and the neuronal responses to noxious and/or innocuous stimuli were suppressed. These neurons were mainly located in a circumscribed area medial to the superior ramus of the arcuate sulcus in frontal cortex, including the prefrontal and premotor a     

环氧树脂/氧化石墨纳米复合物的等温固化行为研究

用示差扫描分析仪(DSC)研究了氧化石墨(GO)对N,N,N',N'-四缩水甘油基-4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷环氧树脂(TGDDM)/4,4'-二氨基二苯基砜(DDS)体系的等温固化反应的影响,用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)研究了GO上存在的官能团及其对TGDDM/DDS体系固化行为的影响,用热失重分析仪(TGA)研究了天然石墨和GO的热力学稳定性.XPS、FTIR和TGA结果表明,GO上存在的大量羟基、羧基、环氧基等官能团能够影响环氧树脂的固化行为.DSC研究发现,环氧树脂/氧化石墨纳米复合物的固化反应属于自催化类型,随着GO含量的增加,达到最大反应速率的时间不断减小,初始反应速率不断增大,这说明GO对环氧树脂的固化反应有促进作用.Kamal模型计算得到的结果表明,随着GO含量的增加自催化反应初期阶段表观活化能E1先减小再增大,而自催化反应结束后表观活化能E2略微减小.经Kamal模型扩散控制函数修正后,整个固化过程中拟合得到的结果与实验数据相当吻合.以上结果说明,少量的GO对TGDDM/DDS体系的固化反应起着催化作用.     

基于GO法的电动静液作动器可靠性分析

采用与故障树分析(FTA)对比法,研究了电动静液作动器(EHA)系统基于GO法的可靠性分析与安全评估方法．阐述了GO法的具体分析步骤,构建了EHA系统的GO图模型,分别利用GO法和FTA法对EHA系统进行了可靠性定量分析,并将结果对比,验证了GO法在EHA系统可靠性分析和安全评价中的可用性与正确性．     

Preparation of a novel Fe3O4/graphene oxide hybrid for adsorptive removal of methylene blue from water

In this work, a novel Fe₃O₄/graphene oxide (GO) hybrid was prepared and its removal ability of cationic methylene blue dye from water was investigated. To improve the dispersability of Fe₃O₄/GO hybrid in water, GO was first modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG) via a click approach before deposition of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles onto its surface. The successful modification of GO surface and the deposition of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy directly. The saturation magnetization of the resultant Fe₃O₄/GO hybrid is 7.8 eum/g. The adsorption capacities of Fe₃O₄/GO hybrid for methylene blue at 35 and 60°C were as high as 96.05 and 120.05 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models are used to investigate the isothermal adsorption behavior of Fe₃O₄/GO hybrid.     

氧化石墨烯/Fe_3O_4复合材料固定辣根过氧化物酶催化去除酚类废水

采用原位反相共沉淀法制备了氧化石墨烯/Fe3O4(GO/Fe3O4)复合材料,以其为载体,1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)为交联剂运用共价固酶的方法固定了辣根过氧化物酶(HRP).采用振动样品磁强计和傅里叶红外光谱对催化剂进行了表征,研究了其对苯酚,2,4-二氧苯酚和两者混合溶液的去除效果,考察了固定化酶去除苯酚和2,4-对氯酚的混合溶液的理化性质和重复使用情况.结果表明:4次循环之后固定化酶还保留50%以上的活性.