牦牛远缘杂种雄性不育的研究现状

牦牛与普通牛种间杂交可提高牦牛的生产性能,但存在杂种雄性不育的问题,无法稳定利用其杂种优势,因此,雄性不育机制的研究一直是牦牛学的研究热点之一.本文综述了近几十年来有关牦牛与普通牛的雄性杂种的生殖器官的解剖学与组织学结构、精子发生过程、脑垂体的结构与功能、促性腺激素的分泌调控、精子发生相关基因以及可育性恢复的尝试方面的研究进展.     

小麦雌性不育系的胚胎学及其遗传观察

为了探明小麦雌性不育的胚胎学机理,以普通小麦育性正常品种、雌性不育系4042及其F1的早期子房作为观察对象,通过石蜡切片观察和统计,发现雌性不育小麦子房败育的原因是多方面的,主要是双受精障碍,占所有不育子房的50%以上,其次是早期的原胚虽然发育正常,但胚乳发育有不同方式的异常,最终导致子房的败育,雌性总不育率达93.3%.本文还通过比较双亲及杂种F1的幼胚发育,从胚胎学角度进一步证明了小麦雌性不育性状受隐性主效基因控制.     

硒的热化学研究 Ⅲ.硒和箬叶多糖F_Ⅲ对大肠杆菌作用热动力学特征

用微量热法研究了Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３和箬叶多糖ＦⅢ对大肠杆菌作用的产热曲线，得到了大肠杆菌在不同条件下的生长速率常数ｋ等参数．实验结果表明，Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３在低浓度下对大肠杆菌生长有促进作用，在高浓度时有很强的抑制作用；箬叶多糖ＦⅢ和硒箬叶多糖ＦⅢ对大肠杆菌生长代谢无抑制作用，硫酸酯多糖ＦⅢ对大肠杆菌的生长有一定的抑制作用     

5种G型细胞质小麦雄性不育系遗传效应的研究

研究了５种Ｇ型不育细胞质在普通小麦１０个品种核背景下的遗传效应，结果表明：１．东方山羊草不育细胞质引起部分供试小麦雄性高不育，Ｔ型恢复系不易恢复其育性，该胞质在杂种小麦利用中价值可能不大．２．拟斯卑尔脱山羊草、野生二粒小麦、阿拉拉特小麦和茹可夫斯基小麦４种Ｇ型不育细胞质引起供试小麦雄性全不育且稳定，对供试小麦品种诸性状无明显不良影响，大多数供试Ｔ型恢复系都能恢复其育性且恢复度较高，在杂种小麦应用中有较大利用价值     

水稻孢子体雄性不育系小孢子发育过程中的蛋白质分析

以孢子体雄性不育系马协Ａ、马协Ｂ、马协６３（Ｆ１）和珍汕９７Ａ、珍汕９７Ｂ、汕优６３（Ｆ１）为材料，对小孢子发育的花粉母细胞时期、四分体时期、单核期、二核期、三核期的花药蛋白质进行ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析．结果表明：在马协型细胞质雄性不育系中，有１２种多肽的表达具有时序特征，其中９种多肽可能与马协Ａ雄性不育有关；在野败型细胞质雄性不育系中，有１０种多肽的表达具有时序特征，其中６种多肽可能与珍汕９７Ａ雄性不育有关     

Co-Administration of Fendiline Hydrochloride Enhances Chemotherapeutic Efficacy of Cisplatin in Neuroblastoma Treatment

Despite significant improvement of neuroblastoma (NB) patients’ survival due to recent treatment advancements in recent years, NB is still associated with high mortality rate. In search of novel strategies to increase NB’s susceptibility to pharmacological treatments, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of fendiline hydrochloride as an enhancer of cisplatin antitumor activity. To assess the modulation of fendiline treatment on cisplatin responses, we used in vitro (evaluating NB cell proliferation by XCELLigence technology and colony formation, and gene expression by RT-PCR) and in vivo (NB cell grafts in NOD-SCID mice) models of NB. NB cell treatment with fendiline induced the expression of the ncRNA NDM29, leading to cell differentiation and to the reduction of the expression of MDRs/ABC transporters linked to multidrug resistance. These events were correlated to higher NB cell susceptibility to cisplatin and, consequently, increased its cytotoxic potency. In vivo, this drug interaction causes an enhanced ability of cisplatin to induce apoptosis in NB masses, resulting in tumor growth reduction and prolonged animal survival rate. Thus, the administration of fendiline might be a possible novel therapeutic approach to increase cisplatin efficacy in aggressive and poorly responsive NB cases.     

Flow injection analysis as a tool for enhancing oceanographic nutrient measurements—A review

Macronutrient elements (C, N and P) and micronutrient elements (Fe, Co, Cu, Zn and Mn) are widely measured in their various physico-chemical forms in open ocean, shelf sea, coastal and estuarine waters. These measurements help to elucidate the biogeochemical cycling of these elements in marine waters and highlight the ecological and socio-economic importance of the oceans. Due to the dynamic nature of marine waters in terms of chemical, biological and physical processes, it is advantageous to make these measurements in situ and in this regard flow injection analysis (FIA) provides a suitable shipboard platform. This review, therefore, discusses the role of FIA in the determination of macro- and micro-nutrient elements, with an emphasis on manifold design and detection strategies for the reliable shipboard determination of specific nutrient species. The application of various FIA manifolds to oceanographic nutrient determinations is discussed, with an emphasis on sensitivity, selectivity, high throughput analysis and suitability for underway analysis and depth profiles. Strategies for enhancing sensitivity and minimizing matrix effects, e.g. refractive index (schlieren) effects and the important role of uncertainty budgets in underpinning method validation and data quality are discussed in some detail.     

Rotational spectra of the diastereomers of Soman

The pure rotational spectrum of the nerve agent Soman has been recorded using a pulsed-molecular-beam Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. The spectrum consists of transitions from two different isomers. The two distinguishable isomers are likely the [SS] (or [RR]) and the [RS] (or [SR]) diastereomers that result from the two chiral centers in the molecule. The rotational constants determined for the A internal rotor states of the [SS, RR] and [RS, SR] isomers are A=1645.39765(9) MHz, B=591.97752(3) MHz, and C=547.58168(3) MHz, and A=1635.0580(1), B=600.14889(6), and C=556.45840(6) MHz, respectively, where type A, k=1 or 1σ standard uncertainties are given. Structural assignments of the diastereomers were made based on comparisons of the calculated electric dipole moments at the MP2/6-311G level of theory with the observed selection rules. Many of the rotational transitions are split into doublets and correspond to the A- and E-state transitions arising from internal rotation of the methyl top attached to the phosphorus atom. These splittings have been used to obtain the V₃ barriers of the methyl groups for both diastereomers. This work is part of an ongoing project aimed at generating a spectral database of chemical agents and related families of compounds.