The Study of Minimax Inequalities, Abstract Economics and Applications to Variational Inequalities and Nash Equilibria

In this survey, a new minimax inequality and one equivalent geometricform are proved. Next, a theorem concerning the existence of maximalelements for an LC-majorized correspondence is obtained.By the maximal element theorem, existence theorems of equilibrium point fora noncompact one-person game and for a noncompact qualitative game withLC-majorized correspondences are given. Using the lastresult and employing 'approximation approach', we prove theexistence of equilibria for abstract economies in which the constraintcorrespondence is lower (upper) semicontinuous instead of having lower(upper) open sections or open graphs in infinite-dimensional topologicalspaces. Then, as the applications, the existence theorems of solutions forthe quasi-variational inequalities and generalized quasi-variationalinequalities for noncompact cases are also proven. Finally, with theapplications of quasi-variational inequalities, the existence theorems ofNash equilibrium of constrained games with noncompact are given. Our resultsinclude many results in the literature as special cases.     

ON OPTIMAL ENVIRONMENTAL TAXATION AND ENFORCEMENT: INFORMATION,MONITORING AND EFFICIENCY

ABSTRACT. The purpose of the paper is to contribute to the narrowing of the distance between formal theory and practical environmental policy design. We formulate a general and comprehensive theoretical model in order to take into account the different informational and technological problems which characterize the definition and implementation of environmental taxes in a second best world where there also are distortionary taxes. Having formalized these problems, we present a general model which allows us to discuss the existence of efficient and implementable environmental quality objectives and policy instruments, and to analyze many particular cases.     

假日体育消费现象的经济学分析

运用经济学的效用分析、无差异曲线分析等方法,对我国假日体育经济的生成及假日中体育产品的涨降价现象进行经济学分析,得出看似"非正常经济"的假日经济中的种种现象都是遵循经济学规律的结论.该结论在假日消费和经营方面给我们以启示.     

Quantitative, dynamic fuel distribution measurements in combustion-related devices using laser-induced fluorescence imaging of biacetyl in iso-octane

Knowledge of in-situ fuel distributions in practical combustion devices, such as internal combustion engines, is crucial for research and devlopment purposes. Numerous imaging techniques, mostly based on laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), have been developed and yield high levels of 2-D spatial information, but generally lack the temporal resolution (frame rates) necessary to resolve important timescales at sub-millisecond levels for sustained times. A planar LIF technique for quantitatively visualizing fuel distribution is presented which gives not only high spatial resolution, but also high temporal resolution. Using a high-speed CMOS camera, a lens-coupled image intensifier, and frequency-tripled diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser allows for capturing LIF images of biacetyl that is used as a fluorescence tracer at 12 kHz (one crank-angle resolution at 2000 RPM) for hundreds of consecutive engine cycles. The LIF signal strength of biacetyl doped in iso-octane is shown to vary substantially over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. The low absorption coefficient at 355 nm and a longpass filter in the detection path exclude bias errors due to laser beam attenuation and fluorescence trapping. An intensifier gate time of 350 ns is shown to suppress the detection of phosphorescence signals under practical conditions. An example for a quantitative high-speed measurement of fuel concentration at varying pressure and temperature conditions is presented. Quantitative equivalence ratio maps are shown for the fuel injection event within a single cycle in a spark-ignition direct-injected engine, showing the ability of the technique to not only reveal static fuel concentration maps, but also the motion of the fuel cloud along with very steep gradients. Spray velocities determined from the moving fuel cloud are in agreement with previous particle image velocimetry measurements.     

The use of combined LC-GC for the analysis of fuel products: A review

A review of the analysis of petroleum fuels, oils, tars and engine exhaust particulate extracts by on-line coupled LC-GC is presented.     

Fixed Point Theorems on Product Topological Spaces and Applications

A new collectively fixed point theorem for a family of set-valued mappings defined on product spaces of non-compact topological spaces without linear structure is proved and some special cases are also discussed. As applications, some non-empty intersection theorems of sets with convex sections and equilibrium existence theorem of abstract economies are obtained under much weaker assumptions. Our results includes a number of known results as many special cases.     

NiO/LaMnO3催化剂用于乙醇水蒸气重整反应

采用柠檬酸络合-浸渍法制备了NiO/LaMnO3钙钛矿型复合氧化物催化剂并将其应用于乙醇水蒸汽重整制氢反应, 考察了NiO含量、焙烧温度对催化剂性能的影响, 采用XRD、TPR和热分析等手段对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 该催化剂具有高活性、高选择性和良好的稳定性. 催化剂中的NiO含量和焙烧温度对催化性能有显著影响. 在原料气体积组成为20%(体积分数, φ) C2H5OH 和水以及80%(φ)N2, 其中水醇摩尔比为3:1, 空速为80000 mL·h-1·g-1 cat, 反应温度为400 ℃时, 15%(质量分数, w)的NiO/LaMnO3上, 乙醇转化率接近100%. 关联催化剂活性和TPR及XRD实验结果, 发现催化剂的高活性源于由催化剂前驱体中进入钙钛矿型复合氧化物晶格中的镍离子被还原所得的金属镍.     

东亚货币合作的国际政治经济学分析

1997年爆发的东亚金融危机给整个地区造成了巨大的经济损失,这使东亚各国和地区认识到建立区域货币合作的重要性和紧迫性。文章通过从国际政治经济学的角度对东亚货币合作中各国的权力与利益进行分析,进而在此基础上提出东亚货币合作的实现必须处理好全球霸权国、地区大国及东盟各国间的权力与利益的关系。     

两步法磷酸生产余热回收改造及热经济学分析

中国磷酸生产过程中的热浪费和热污染问题非常严重。解决这一问题将带来巨大的经济效益和社会效益。该文分别从能和可用能两个角度对一种新的燃烧水合两步法制取磷酸系统的余热回收改造方案进行分析,得到了改造前后整个系统的能流分布和可用能流分布,以及各个环节的能效率和可用能效率,并使用热经济学分析的方法,结合环境政策和资源占有对改造前后的多元产品系统进行可用能成本折算和分析。结果表明这种余热回收改造方案在经济效益、环境保护和节约资源3个方面具有明显的优越性。     

改革高校经济学教育的思考

为强化素质教育,培养全球性经济背景下的科技人才,高校的经济学教育应通过组织新的经济学教材和改革教学方法,培养学生获得知识、应用知识并创造新知识等五种基本技能,达到经济学教育的基本目标.