Quality evaluation of raw and processed Crataegi Fructus by color measurement and fingerprint analysis

Crataegi Fructus and its processed products have been used as a traditional medicine for a long time, and numerous active components are responsible for their curative effects. However, a comprehensive and fast method for the quality control of its processed products is still lacking. In this study, two analytical methods based on color measurements and fingerprint analysis are established. In the color measurements, the color values of the peel and flesh of Crataegi Fructus were evaluated spectrophotometrically. Based on the results, a color reference range was established using percentiles, and the standard color difference value was established using the median color values. Then, the color values of Crataegi Fructus and its processed products were analyzed using Bayes linear discriminant analysis and mathematical functions were built in order to predict the degree of processing. Moreover, high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprint analysis was performed on a Hibar C₁₈ column, and a high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprint pattern was obtained, from which nine peaks were identified. Chemometric methods were successfully applied to differentiate raw and processed Crataegi Fructus.     

基于多尺度特征深度神经网络的不同产地山楂细粒度图像识别

中药是中医治疗疾病的主要途径,也是我国中医药事业传承与创新发展的物质基础,其真伪优劣也会直接影响中医临床的疗效,因此研究科学合理且高效的中药材质量检测方法符合当前行业热点.山楂作为中国著名的药食两用类药材,在烹饪和治疗中具有保护心血管、降低血压的作用,被广泛应用;但由于自然环境与栽培条件的不同,不同产地的山楂易被混淆从而对品质产生影响.尽管化学、生物鉴定的方法广泛而重要,但专业门槛高,耗时较长;且传统图像处理方法容易受外在环境因素干扰,可靠性差.因此亟待研究快速准确的方法以实现山楂产地的精准鉴别;受CoAtNet与Swin-Transformer网络启发,本文结合MBConv模块中深度可分离卷积网络对局部信息建模的特点与Swin Transformer模块多层次结构可弥补网络非局部性损失的特性,提出一种多尺度特征的混合神经网络模型,通过获取图像不同层级特征,将获取的形状、颜色与纹理等浅层特征作为先验知识与高层级语义信息进行特征融合,研究了一种快速有效的识别方法以实现对不同产地山楂的有效鉴别;此外,本文提出一种新的局部空间注意力机制,通过形成通道注意力模块联合空间注意力模块的新结构,实现对图像细粒度特征的聚焦与学习.实验结果表明,本文所提出的方法有最高的鉴别准确率为89.306%,优于其他基线模型.实践证明,本文的研究提高中药材鉴别的科技水平,拓宽传统中医药的研究思路.     

Simultaneous characterization of multiple Psoraleae Fructus bioactive compounds in rat plasma by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for application in sex‐related differences in pharmacokinetics

A method for the simultaneous quantification of 13 bioactive compounds (psoralen, isopsoralen, isobavachin, bakuchalcone, neobabaisoflavone, bavachin, corylin, psoralidin, isobavachalcone, bavachinin, corylifol A, bavachalcone, and bakuchiol) by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry has been developed and validated in rat plasma. Osthol was used as an internal standard and plasma samples were pretreated with one‐step liquid–liquid extraction. These analytes were separated using a gradient mobile phase system of water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min on a reverse‐phase C18 column and analyzed in the selected multiple reactions monitoring mode. All calibration curves were linear (r > 0.9952) over the tested ranges. The intra‐ and interday accuracy and precisions of these analytes at three different concentration levels were within the acceptable limits of <15% at all concentrations. The mean recoveries of these analytes at three concentrations were more than 60.2% and the matrix effects were in the range of 85–115%. Stability studies proved that the analytes were stable under the tested conditions. The developed method was applied to evaluating the pharmacokinetic study of 13 bioactive compounds after oral administration of Psoraleae Fructus in rat of different genders. Some active compounds in Psoraleae Fructus had sex‐related pharmacokinetics.     

苍耳子提取物的GC/MS分析

本文采用乙醇浸泡提取制得浸膏,再将浸膏加水混悬后依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,制得各种提取物。其中石油醚层提取物占总量的50%以上,采用GC/MS对石油醚层进行分析,其主要成分为:亚麻酸乙酯,硬脂酸,正十九烷,亚麻酸甲酯,棕榈酸。     

吴茱萸超微饮片ITS序列指纹图谱的研究

为探求吴茱萸超微饮片的品种鉴别方法,以来自不同产地的5个吴茱萸样品、7个疏毛吴茱萸和3个石虎样品制成的超微饮片为实验材料,用分子克隆方法获得并测定其ITS序列。标记它们的ITS1,5.8s,ITS2的全长序列,构建了吴茱萸的ITS序列指纹图谱,得出吴茱萸超微饮片3个不同植物来源种内相似度在98%以上;吴茱萸和其变种疏毛吴茱萸及石虎之间的ITS序列有显著的差异,可达27%,而疏毛吴茱萸和石虎的序列差异较小,但是在两组序列的对比中,发现有8个特异位点,显示了这两个亲缘关系比较相近的药材的区别。以ITS序列测定与分析可作为吴茱萸超微饮片的品种鉴定和质量控制的方法。     

HPLC法测定枳壳中两种五甲氧基黄酮的质量比

采用高效液相色谱法测定枳壳中5,6,7,3′,4′ 五甲氧基黄酮和5,7,8,3′,4′-五甲氧基黄酮的质量比. 色谱条件： 色谱柱为Acchrom Unitary C18 Column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm); 流动相为V(甲醇)∶V(水)=52∶48; 流速为1.0 mL/min; 柱温为25.0 ℃; 检测波长为310 nm. 结果表明： 5,6,7,3′,4′
五甲氧基黄酮的线性范围为0.011~5.3 μg(r=0.999 9), 平均回收率为101.40%(RSD=1.22%); 5,7,8,3′,4′ 五甲氧基黄酮的线性范围为0.010~5.1 μg(r=0.999 9), 平均回收率为100.70%(RSD=1.51%); 河北安国枳壳中两种黄酮的质量比分别为0.094,0.015 mg/g, 安徽亳州枳壳中两种黄酮的质量比分别为
0.22,0.032 mg/g.     

鸦胆子油中β-谷甾醇的分离与含量测定

采用溶剂提取和两次硅胶柱层析法分离鸦胆子油中的β-谷甾醇,并用波谱学方法进行鉴定;对鸦胆子油用氢氧化钾-乙醇皂化后,采用气相色谱法对β-谷甾醇的含量进行测定.色谱条件为:Agilent HP-5毛细管柱(30m×250μm×0.25μm);FID检测器;进样口温度为285℃;程序升温:270℃(24 min),10℃·min-1升温至280℃(15 min);检测器温度为300℃;分流比为40∶1;流速为1 m L·min-1;进样量为1μL.β-谷甾醇对照品的峰面积与质量浓度在0.028 47~0.410 0 mg·m L-1呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 4).该方法的平均回收率为95.2%(RSD=2.98%),测得8份样品中β-谷甾醇的质量分数在2.96~4.37 mg·g-1.本方法快速、简便、重复性好,可用于鸦胆子油中β-谷甾醇的含量测定.     

Isolation and purification of osthole and imperatorin from Fructus Cnidii by semi-preparative supercritical fluid chromatography

Fructus Cnidii, the dried ripe fruit of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson., has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Osthole and imperatorin are the main active ingredients of Fructus Cnidii and had been found of antispasmodic, anti-HIV, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-mutagenic, anti-arrhythmic, hypotensive, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects. A supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) method for isolation and purification of osthole and imperatorin from Fructus Cnidii was established in this work. The separation conditions, including the stationary phase, the organic modifier, the composition and the flow rate of the mobile phase, column backpressure and column temperature, were optimized on analytical scale at first. And then a semi-preparative SFC (SP-SFC) method was developed based on the conditions of analytical scale SFC. SP-SFC was accomplished on YMC-Pack NH₂ column. Ethanol was used as the modifier and its percentage in the mobile phase was 3%. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 20?mL/min, column backpressure was 13?MPa, column temperature was 318?K, detection wavelength was 310?nm, and injection volume was 0.2?mL. Under the optimum conditions, osthole and imperatorin were obtained with high purities as determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The chemical structures of the obtained compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrum analysis.     

金银花-连翘药对的成分和药理作用研究进展

配伍是中药临床用药的特色,药对是临床配伍的最小配伍单位,金银花-连翘药对是温病治疗中的常用药对,可以增强单味药物清热解毒、疏散风热的作用。本文从化学成分、药理药效作用方面对其进行了综述,为进一步研究金银花-连翘药对的作用机制、科学用药提供依据。     

磁珠富集与液相色谱-质谱联用结合筛选枳壳中脂肪酶抑制剂

提出了一种磁珠收集与液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)结合用于快速筛选中药提取物中的脂肪酶抑制剂的方法. 通过制备键合脂肪酶的磁珠, 将其与枳壳总黄酮孵育后, 筛选出枳壳中脂肪酶的配体. 通过LC-MS分析发现, 4个化合物均是潜在的脂肪酶抑制剂, 鉴定其分别为柚皮苷、 新橙皮苷、 橙皮苷和枸橘苷. 对4个化合物进行了体外脂肪酶抑制活性验证. 研究结果表明, 新橙皮苷、 橙皮苷和枸橘苷具有显著的脂肪酶抑制活性, IC₅₀分别为48.04, 52.45和46.18 μg/mL, 其中枸橘苷具有脂肪酶抑制活性为首次报道. 结果表明, 磁珠富集与LC-MS集成技术能够用于快速发现中药活性成分.