现代生物技术在食品加工领域的应用

主要阐述现代生物技术在食品工业中的应用及研究近况，食品生物技术作为一项高新技术将为食品工业的发展起着重要推动作用。     

脱落酸对小麦幼苗光合及抗氧化酶的影响

研究了短期和长期外源脱落酸(ABA)处理对小麦幼苗CO2同化作用、羧化效率、光合CO2响应以及抗氧化酶等的影响.外源ABA处理能提高小麦叶片光合速率,但使气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和羧化效率略有降低.ABA处理能够提高小麦光合对CO2的响应.无论是长期还是短期ABA处理都能够不同程度提高小麦抗氧化酶(CAT、SOD、POD)活性,且对SOD影响最明显.结果表明,ABA处理可能主要通过提高小麦抗氧化酶活性从而增强对环境胁迫的抗性,且长期处理效果好于短期处理.     

银杏叶中有效成分的微波提取及抗氧化活性研究

用正交试验设计优选出银杏叶黄酮类化合物的微波提取工艺,并采用化学发光法对银杏叶的粗提物、正丁醇萃取物及其余水层清除自由基和抗氧化性能进行了研究.结果表明:当固液比(m/m)为1∶30,微波中档400 W浸提时间为1 h,然后70℃水浴浸提1 h,黄酮的提取率最高.3种提取物均有较强的抗氧化活性.其中粗提物的抗氧化活性比正丁醇萃取物好,同时发现萃取后的水层部分虽然黄酮类化合物含量很低,但也有较强的抗氧化活性.证明银杏叶提取物是一组复杂的、而又有相互协同增效作用的混合物,进一步分离纯化可能对提高其抗氧化活性作用不显著.     

蜂胶作为运动补剂的潜在应用价值

蜂胶是一种非常有效的天然抗氧化剂，国内外正在掀起研究蜂胶的热潮。本文简述了蜂胶的成分以及性质。尤其蜂胶由于具有黄酮类物质而产生的抗氧化性。在此基础上提出了蜂胶作为运动补剂的潜在应用价值。     

二十二碳六烯酸乙酯对沙土鼠缺血再灌注脑损伤及水肿作用的研究

研究二十二碳六烯酸乙酯(E-DHA)对沙土鼠缺血再灌注脑损伤及其脑水肿的影响.选用雄性断奶沙土鼠灌胃给予二十二碳六烯酸乙酯(150 mg/(kg·d))或等体积溶媒10周,阻断沙土鼠双侧颈总动脉血流10 min,造成缺血再灌注模型;测定再灌注后脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)水平,还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,超歧化氧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和钾、钠-ATP酶(Na ,K -ATPase)活性,脑水含量,钠、钾离子浓度及海马CA1区神经细胞存活百分数.结果表明:E-DHA预处理显著降低缺血再灌注沙土鼠脑组织MDA水平,阻止GSH含量、GSH-PX和Na ,K -ATPase活性下降,而对SOD的活性未表现出明显作用;E-DHA亦调节缺血再灌注沙土鼠脑组织钠、钾离子浓度,减轻缺血再灌注所致的脑水肿和神经细胞死亡.提示E-DHA对脑缺血再灌注脑损伤有显著保护作用,机制可能其与抗氧化作用有关.     

以秀丽隐杆线虫为模型的玛咖功效评价

先对玛咖进行脱油、水提、冻干,再将所得水提物冻干品与Escherichia coli OP50菌液进行混合,稀释至终质量浓度为1,2mg/mL.以秀丽隐杆线虫(简称线虫)为模型,考察玛咖水提物对线虫的抗氧化作用:经寿命、产卵、吞咽、运动能力实验表明,玛咖水提物对线虫无明显毒性作用,且1,2mg/mL玛咖水提物均能显著延长线虫寿命;由玛咖水提物对线虫热激氧化压力诱导表明,玛咖水提物对线虫体外热激氧化压力有保护作用;通过油红O对脂肪染色表明,玛咖水提物具有一定降脂功效.     

红薯糯米酒发酵与贮存阶段品质分析

研究了红薯糯米酒发酵过程中可溶性固形物、pH值及酒精度变化,以及不同条件下各贮存阶段红薯糯米酒各成分变化及抗氧化活性。研究结果表明:发酵第3天为红薯糯米酒发酵关键时期;不同贮存条件下可溶性固形物、总酯、总酚含量变化不大,而酒精度、黄酮、维生素C含量随温度及果胶酶添加量的变化有明显差异,其中在贮存温度4℃,果胶酶添加量2%条件下,能保存红薯糯米酒品质和提高风味,降低杂醇油生成。抗氧化活性测定表明,随果胶酶添加量增加,贮存酿液抗氧化能力和总还原能力明显提高。     

The polyphenolic profiles and antioxidant effects of Agastache rugosa Kuntze (Banga) flower,leaf, stem and root

Agastache rugosa Kuntze (Korean mint) is used as a spice and in folk medicine in East Asia. The present study identified a total of 18 polyphenols from the flower, leaf, stem and roots of this plant using high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Fourteen of these compounds had not previously been identified in these plant tissues. Each polyphenol was validated in comparison with external calibration curves constructed using structurally related compounds, with determination coefficients >0.9993. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.092–0.650 and 0.307–2.167 mg/L, respectively. Recoveries of 61.92–116.44% were observed at two spiking levels, with 0.91–11% precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (except anthraquinone spiked at 10 mg/L). Hydroxycinnamic acid was the most abundant compound in the root, while the flowers showed the highest total flavonoid level. Antioxidant activities, determined in terms of reducing power, Fe²⁺ chelating activity and the radical scavenging activities using α,α‐diphenyl‐β‐picrylhydrazyl and 2‐2?‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid, increased in a concentration‐dependent manner; the highest activity was identified in the stems, followed by leaves > flowers > roots. These findings indicate that A. rugosa is a good source of bioactive compounds and can be used as a functional food. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis,characterization and biological screening studies of mixed ligand complexes using flavonoids as precursors

Flavonoids are a group of plant phenolics that provide various health benefits through cell signalling pathways and antioxidant effects. In the present study, a new series of mixed ligand complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were synthesized by incorporating curcumin and quercetin flavonoid precursors. The structural features of the synthesized complexes were explored using elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, UV–visible, infrared, NMR, mass and electron paramagnetic resonance spectral analyses and conductivity measurements. These data support an octahedral geometry of the synthesized complexes. In silico biological activity score for the ligand was predicted using PASS online software. ADMET properties were studied using VLS3D online software. Anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities were experimentally validated which prove that theoretical predictions are in agreement with the experimental results. Interestingly the synthesized complexes interact with calf thymus DNA through groove binding mode. Moreover, they have good potential to cleave pUC19 DNA. Minimum inhibitory concentration values of the synthesized complexes reveal that they have better antimicrobial efficacy than the ligands.     

Antioxidant activity,lipophilicity and extractability of polyphenols from pig skin – development of analytical methods for skin permeation studies

Permeation of polyphenols through the stratum corneum barrier is a precondition for the protective action of polyphenols against oxidative skin damage. Prior to in vitro skin permeation experiments, we developed a method for the quantification of polyphenols in pig skin, including organic solvent extraction and HPLC analysis. Catechine hydrate, epigallocatechin gallate, trans‐resveratrol, quercetin, rutin and protocatechuic acid were chosen for this study as representatives of phenolics with different lipophilicity and molecular weight. The antioxidative activities of polyphenols as well as their octanol–water partition coefficients at different pH values were determined. Extraction of polyphenols from pig skin was optimized by variation of solvent composition, homogenization intensity and time, as well as partial exclusion of oxygen during extraction. The highest recovery rates could be reached by extraction with the methanol–water mixture (90:10, v/v), containing 0.2 g/L l ‐ascorbic acid, after the cryo‐milling for 4 min. Recoveries of 72% for total phenolics, 96% for quercetin and protocatechuic acid, 90% for rutin and 74% for trans‐resveratrol, were achieved. These extraction parameters will be selected for the polyphenol extraction from pig skin for further in vitro drug permeation studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.