Ultrasonic nebulization extraction coupled with headspace single drop microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for analysis of the essential oil in Cuminum cyminum L.

A novel method for analysis of essential oil in Cuminum cyminum L. using simultaneous ultrasonic nebulization extraction and headspace single drop microextraction (UNE-HS-SDME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed. Experimental parameters, including the kind of suspended solvent, microdrop volume, sample amount, extraction time, enrichment time and salt concentration were examined and optimized. Compared with hydrodistillation (HD), UNE-HS-SDME provides the advantages of a small amount of sample (50 mg), time-saving (20 min), simplicity, cheapness and low toxicity. In addition, UNE-HS-SDME also provided higher enrichment efficiency and sensitivity compared with stirring extraction (SE)-HS-SDME, ultrasonic assistant extraction (UAE) and UNE. Some constituents in the essential oil, were identified and the detection limits for β-pinene, p-cymene and γ-terpinene range from 6.67 pL L⁻¹ to 14.8 pL L⁻¹. The results indicated that the UNE-HS-SDME is simple and highly efficient extraction and enrichment technique.     

微溶剂萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定水中邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯

取水样25mL,加入无水硫酸钠3.0g,加入环己烷2.0mL,振荡萃取3min。移取萃取了邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)的上层有机相2.0μL注入HP-5毛细管柱(30m×0.32mm,0.25μm)色谱分离后进行质谱测定。DEHP的质量浓度在50.0μg.L-1以内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.052μg.L-1。分析了早、中、晚不同时间的天津市自来水,并用标准加入法做回收试验,测得回收率在97.0%～109.4%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于2.5%。     

摩擦振动信号谐波小波包特征提取

在销-盘摩擦磨损试验机上进行了船用柴油机缸套-活塞环摩擦配副摩擦磨损试验,应用谐波小波包变换分析了不同磨损状态下的摩擦振动信号.结果表明:谐波小波包变换可提取微弱的摩擦振动特征.当磨损机制为轻微的黏着磨损时,摩擦振动信号的频谱以边频为主,没有明显的固有频率,平均幅值小;当磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主时,摩擦振动信号的频谱出现较大峰值的固有频率,但仍存在大量的边频,平均幅值变大;当磨损机制以疲劳磨损为主时,摩擦振动信号频谱的固有频率更加明显,边频显著减弱,平均幅值最大.因此,谐波小波包变换可实现微弱摩擦振动信号的特征提取.     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱法检测人体血清中邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基已基)酯代谢物

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱法检测人体血清中邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基已基)酯(DEHP)代谢物.血清样品中加入乙酸钠溶液及内标13C4邻苯二甲酸单乙基已基酯(13C4MEHP)后,在37℃条件下用β-葡萄糖醛苷酶酶解提取12h,提取液经MAX固相萃取小柱净化并浓缩到纯水中.以甲醇5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相,经Waters UPLC(R)HSS T3色谱柱分离后,在电喷雾离子源负离子模式下,以多反应监测(MRM)方式进行扫描,内标法定量.DEHP代谢物在1.0～100.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,检出限均为0.1 μg/kg,回收率89.6％～103.2％.该方法灵敏度高,准确度好,可作为监测人群内暴露的重要技术支撑.     

加速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定减肥保健食品中11种食欲抑制剂

建立了测定减肥保健食品中11种非法添加食欲抑制剂(芬氟拉明、苯丙醇胺、西布曲明、舍曲林、利莫那班、安非他酮、西酞普兰、氟西汀、苯氟雷司、托吡酯、唑尼沙胺)的高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法.不同类型的减肥保健食品经加速溶剂萃取后,以Waters Atlantis T3柱(150 mm×2.1 mm, 3 μm)分离,采用HPLC-MS/MS电喷雾电离,多反应监测模式检测,以保留时间和子离子比定性,外标法定量.11种食欲抑制剂的检出限为0.05～4.0 mg/kg;在低、中、高3个添加水平范围内的平均回收率为78.3%～103. 6%;日内精密度均小于12%,日间精密度均小于15%.本方法分析速度快、灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于不同减肥保健食品中非法添加食欲抑制剂的检测.     

Simultaneous derivatization and air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction of some aliphatic amines in different aqueous samples followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection

The paper presents a new method based on simultaneous derivatization and air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction (AALLME) for the extraction and preconcentration of some aliphatic amines prior to gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). Primary aliphatic amines are derivatized and extracted simultaneously by a fast reaction with butylchloroformate (derivatization agent/extraction solvent) under mild conditions. The mixture of butylchloroformate and aqueous sample solution is rapidly sucked into a 10-mL glass syringe and then is injected into a test tube with conical bottom and the procedure is repeated seven times. After centrifuging the resulted cloudy solution, the derivatized analytes in the sedimented phase are determined by GC-FID. The influence of main factors on the efficiency of derivatization/extraction procedure is studied. Under the optimal conditions, the enrichment factors (EFs) for aliphatic amines are obtained in the range of 248–360 and limits of detection (LODs) are between 0.30 and 2.6 μg L⁻¹. The obtained extraction recoveries ranged from 50 to 72% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 4.8% for intra-day (n = 6) and inter-days (n = 4) precision. The method is successfully applied to determine some aliphatic amines in environmental water samples.     

均匀设计法优选八珍汤总苷类部位的提取工艺

采用均匀设计方法优选八珍汤总苷类部位的提取工艺,以提取物中芍药苷、人参皂苷和总苷、总皂苷的提取率为指标,考察乙醇浓度、液固比、提取时间、提取次数等因素对目标成分的影响.最佳的工艺条件为:乙醇质量分数72%,溶剂用量14倍量,提取2次,每次60 min.在该工艺条件下,得膏率为38.22%;芍药苷和人参皂苷的含量为2.250 0、0.788 4 mg/g;总苷(以芍药苷计)的含量为51.178 2 mg/g;总皂苷(以人参皂苷Re计)的含量为145.910 8 mg/g.说明均匀设计法是优化多因素与多水平实验的有利工具.     

固相萃取人体血液中安定条件的统计学筛选与响应面优化

采用Plackett-Buman(P-B)法和中心复合设计(Central Composite Design,简称CCD)对影响固相萃取安定的6个因素进行筛选优化。P-B实验设计与统计学分析表明:pH、上样速度、洗脱液用量是影响回收率的3个关键因素。以回收率为响应目标,对3因素进行中心复合设计,并经响应面法优化分析得到影响回收率的二阶模型,确定了安定萃取实验的最优操作条件:pH10.20,上样速度0.67 mL/min,洗脱液用量2.60 mL,实测回收率达到91.26%。在0.10～10.00μg/mL的范围内本方法线性良好(R2>0.99),检测限为0.07μg/mL,日内和日间相对标准偏差(RSD)<10%,准确度(RE)<±6.0%。     

加速溶剂萃取-凝胶色谱净化-气质联用测定土壤中15种有机氯农药残留的方法研究

建立了加速溶剂萃取-凝胶色谱净化-气质联用同时测定土壤中15种有机氯农药的分析方法。优化了凝胶色谱(GPC)净化的条件,比较了凝胶色谱净化及浓硫酸净化法对15种有机氯回收率的影响。结果表明,采用GPC净化能够有效避免浓硫酸净化对氯丹、异狄氏剂、硫丹、甲氧滴滴涕等农药回收率的影响,GPC净化的最佳收集时间为10~15 min,15种有机氯农药的回收率为56%~122%。15种有机氯农药在0.03~6.0 mg/L范围内具有较好的线性,相关系数达0.999以上,方法的检出限为0.1~5.0μg/kg,定量下限为0.4~16.0μg/kg。采用该方法对实际样品进行加标回收率实验,土壤样品的加标回收率为68%~122%,相对标准偏差为1.2%~5.9%。该方法简单、快捷、灵敏度高,已用于实际土壤样品的检测。     

对叔丁基杯[n]芳烃酰胺衍生物的合成及其对某些金属离子的萃取性能

对叔丁基杯[n]芳烃酰胺衍生物的合成及其对某些金属离子的萃取性能;杯芳烃; 酰胺衍生物; 金属离子; 萃取; 离子识别