中山站前沿固定冰破冰方案及船舶操纵方法

为了向"雪龙号"提供一条可行的卸货用航行水道,中国第一艘自主建造的破冰船"雪龙2号"急需在南极大陆的中山站前沿复杂的固定冰中制订一条破冰路线.在"雪龙号"过去多年积累数据和经验基础之上,通过详细分析破冰水域的航行环境、固定冰区当年冰情、最新气象辅助资料以及可用的先进设备,制订一条破冰计划路线.采用首尾破冰、进退速度控制...     

基于EZW与SPIHT的雷达图像压缩研究

随着技术的发展,雷达图像的大小日益增长,采用传统的图像压缩方案已经无法满足系统要求。因此,本文研究了基于小波变换的压缩方式—嵌入式零树小波与多级树集合分裂算法。对两者的编码解码过程进行了详细推导与介绍。实验对3幅高分辨率雷达图像进行测试,证实了多级树集合分裂算法性能更优。     

DEPENDENCE OF DAMPING CHARACTERISTICS OF A BEAM WITH DAMPING RUBBER MAGNETIC POWDER ON RUBBER PROPERTY

A cantilever beam with Damping Material Applying Rubber Magnetic Powder （DRM） has been investigated. Two methods are selected to hold DRM to a vibrating steel beam, one is to attach DRM by the magnetic attractive force （called DRM beam） and the other by adhesive bonding （called AB-DRM beam）. Different from the damping property of AB-DRM beam caused by shear deformation of damping material, the damping property of DRM beam is characterized by the sliding frictional loss together with the internal loss of damping material. The authors established a formulation to predict the damping characteristics of DRM beam, which was validated experimentally. It is found that rubber material loss factor β has a decisive influence on damping improvement of DRM beam versus AB-DRM beam. If β is smaller than the critical value around 0.8255, a valid range of vibratory amplitude always exists in which DRM beam can achieve better damping than AB-DRM beam; conversely, if β is bigger than the critical value, the valid range does not exist when slide occurs. Such results are used to determine the merits and limitations of DRM and develop design guidelines.     

Dynamics of laser-induced cavitation bubble during expansion over sharp-edge geometry submerged in liquid – an inside view by diffuse illumination

Laser ablation in liquids is growing in popularity for various applications including nanoparticle production, breakdown spectroscopy, and surface functionalization. When laser pulse ablates the solid target submerged in liquid, a cavitation bubble develops. In case of “finite” geometries of ablated solids, liquid dynamical phenomena can occur inside the bubble when the bubble overflows the surface edge. To observe this dynamics, we use diffuse illumination of a flashlamp in combination with a high-speed videography by exposure times down to 250 ns. The developed theoretical modelling and its comparison with the experimental observations clearly prove that this approach widens the observable area inside the bubble. We thereby use it to study the dynamics of laser-induced cavitation bubble during its expansion over a sharp-edge (“cliff-like” 90°) geometry submerged in water, ethanol, and polyethylene glycol 300. The samples are 17 mm wide stainless steel plates with thickness in the range of 0.025–2 mm. Bubbles are induced on the samples by 1064-nm laser pulses with pulse durations of 7–60 ns and pulse energies of 10–55 mJ. We observe formation of a fixed-type secondary cavity behind the edge where low-pressure area develops due to bubble-driven flow of the liquid. This occurs when the velocity of liquid overflow exceeds ~20 m s⁻¹. A re-entrant liquid injection with up to ~40 m s⁻¹ velocity may occur inside the bubble when the bubble overflows the edge of the sample. Formation and characteristics of the jet evidently depend on the relation between the breakdown-edge offset and the bubble energy, as well as the properties of the surrounding liquid. Higher viscosity of the liquid prevents the generation of the jet.     

Strongly enhanced quadrupole deformation in a class of N≈Z nuclei driven by large-scale clustering?

The formation of large size clusters,and/or their relative motion as a possible excitation mode,are sugge sted to be closely related to the origin of deformation in specific cases,namely the case of two doubly-magic clusters or two clusters with nearby characterization.New lifetime data in N=Z ~(76)Sr and ~(80)Zr leading to large B(E2) values are reproduced consistently and well within this approach,along with data for a few neighboring N≈Z nuclei.These results are compared to previous studies of ~(32)S and ~(20)Ne and all of them support the ideas of the large-scale cluster approach.     

Coordination Complexes to Combat Bacterial Infections: Recent Developments,Current Directions and Future Opportunities

Drug discovery aimed at the efficient eradication of life-threatening bacterial infections, especially in light of the emergence of multi-drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria, has remained a challenge for medicinal chemists over the past several decades. As nutrient acquisition and metabolism at the host-pathogen interface become better elucidated, new drug targets continue to emerge. Metal homeostasis is among these processes, and thus provides opportunities for medicinal inorganic chemists to alter or disrupt these processes selectively to impart bacteriostatic or bacteriotoxic effects. In this minireview, we showcase some of the recent work from the field of metal-based antibacterial agents and highlight divergent strategies and mechanisms of action.     

原位液相透射电子显微镜及其在 纳米粒子表征方面的应用

近年来,基于透射电子显微技术、微纳加工技术和薄膜制造技术的发展,原位液相透射电子显微技术产生,为构建多种纳米级分辨率尺度下的微实验平台,发展新型纳米表征技术和众多领域的相关研究提供了途径.本文首先介绍了应用于原位液相透射电子显微技术的液体腔设计要求,然后介绍了液体腔的发展和典型的制备工艺,最后综述了近年来液体腔透射电子显微镜在纳米粒子成核和生长方面的应用研究,并探讨了该技术前沿发展面临的机遇和挑战.本文将为提高我国先进纳米表征技术和原子精准构筑技术提供相关讨论和支持.     

热电联产系统的热电分摊机制

针对现有的几种常见的热电分摊机制所存在的问题进行多层次剖析,建立热电分摊的新概念.从能的梯级利用角度分析,在分析法和折合法的基础上建立新的分摊模型,通过数学推导得到损法的数学表达式.损法依据联产系统发电部分和供热部分在能量转化过程中的不同作用以及各自在联产系统相对于分产系统损的减少上的贡献按质进行热电分摊,考虑能量在数量和品质上的差别.与以往的热电分摊模型相比,这种方法概念清晰,物理意义明确,热、电双方均得益,有利于提高热电双方热电生产的积极性.     

流动注射双光束光度法测定大黄中黄素含量

用改进的流动注射光度法测定大黄中黄素含量。大黄素在碱性介质中生成稳定红色络合物的特性,最大吸收波长为λ=530nm,一次进样同时产生一正一负两拐点的响应曲线。利用△A（A1—A2）的微分光度值进行定量分析,进样频率为130次·h^-1,线性范围为1.5-350μg·mL^-1,相关系数r=0.9997,相对标准偏差RSD=0.97%（n=9）。方法操作简单,快速可靠,平均回收率为99.6%。     

ICP-AES检测云南稻核心种质矿质元素含量的地带性特征

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了云南省5个稻作区16个州市的789份地方水稻糙米中的八种矿质元素, 该方法简单快速、灵敏度高、准确性好和多元素同时测定, 加标回收率为97.1%～110.2%, RSD为0.7%～4.4%。结果表明: 糙米元素含量(mg·kg-1)依次为P(3834.83±486.49)>K(2567.72±336.74)>Mg(2567.72±336.74)>Ca(153.67±55.90)>Zn(33.35±13.65)>Fe(32.08±25.51)>Cu(14.22±11.85)>Mn(13.58±3.22); 世界生物多样性最丰富及有色金属富集的滇西北糙米P含量高,早寒武纪动物群及磷矿富集的滇中糙米Ca,Mg,Fe和Zn含量高,作物多样性突出的滇西南糙米Cu和Mn含量高; 糙米高磷钾、中钙镁锰和低铁锌分布区是世界生物多样性最丰富及矿产资源富集区。首次提出云南糙米矿质元素含量的地带性特征与生物多样性中心、矿产资源富集区、生命起源及其山脉、河流有关;进一步推断地球矿质元素分布不均匀性及其山脉、河流的相互作用是生命起源的关键。文章研究为解决人类Fe,Zn和Ca等矿质营养不良和生命起源问题以及功能稻米育种生产提供参考。