CFD SIMULATION OF FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING IN DOWNER REACTORS

A mathematical model has been developed for the simulation of gas-particle flow and fluid catalytic cracking in downer reactors. The model takes into account both cracking reaction and flow behavior through a four-lump reaction kinetics coupled with two-phase turbulent flow. The prediction results show that the relatively large change of gas velocity affects directly the axial distribution of solids velocity and void fraction, which significantly interact with the chemical reaction. Furthermore, model simulations are carried out to determine the effects of such parameters on product yields, as bed diameter, reaction temperature and the ratio of catalyst to oil, which are helpful for optimizing the yields of desired products. The model equations are coded and solved on CFX4.4.     

Energy losses of ice slurry in pipe sudden contractions

The paper presents the results of the experimental research on the ice slurry loss coefficient during its flow through sudden contractions. Experimental studies were conducted using a few of the most common contractions of copper pipes. Six contraction ratios were covered: 0.500, 0.615, 0.650, 0.769, 0.800 and 0.813. In the experimental research, the mass fraction of solid particles in the slurry ranged from 20 to 30 (20%, 25%, 30%). Research results allow for determining the theoretical correlation for the ice slurry, in order to calculate the loss coefficient in contractions during laminar flow. The results of experimental investigations also confirmed that the loss coefficients in contractions in turbulent (transitional) flow of the ice slurry are the same as in the case of Newtonian liquids. The paper also presents original theoretical correlation for calculating the kinetic energy correction factor in the laminar range flow of liquid in the Bingham model. This correlation is used in this work for calculation of the ice slurry flow through contractions.     

浆体管道输送水击压力波波速的探讨

在考虑自由气体存在的影响下,推导出浆体水击压力波波速的计算公式.分析表明很少量的气体存在会使波速明显降低. 气体体积浓度较大时波速随浆体浓度的增大而减小,重质物料的减小趋势较为明显;气体体积浓度较小时轻质物料波速随浓度的增加而增加.相同条件下非均质流波速比伪均质流波速大,两者差异主要受浆体中固体物料的密度和浆体体积浓度影响. 考虑气体影响作用的浆击波速计算值与实测结果更吻合.     

W/Hf摩尔比对HfB_2-WB_2-Si/SiC-SiC_(NW)复合涂层抗氧化性能的影响

为了提高C/C复合材料高温抗氧化性能,依次采用前驱体浸渍裂解、反应熔体浸渗和浆料涂刷工艺在C/C复合材料表面制得HfB_2-WB_2-Si/SiC-SiC_(NW)复合涂层,考察了W/Hf摩尔比对复合涂层物相组成、微观结构及抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明,当W/Hf摩尔比为2∶3时,所制HfB_2-WB_2-Si/SiC-SiC_(NW)复合涂层组织均匀、结构致密,表现出最佳的抗氧化性能。在涂层氧化过程中,WO_3的分相效应和HfSiO_4等高熔点颗粒的钉扎效应共同作用能使涂层表面氧化物玻璃相具有较高热稳定性和较低的氧扩散率,有利于提高涂层的抗氧化性能。     

糯米浆灰土无侧限压缩和三轴剪切离散元分析

糯米浆灰土是一种常见的遗址保护建筑材料,为研究糯米浆灰土压缩加载过程中的糯米-石灰胶结破坏和接触组构演化情况,采用离散单元法开展了糯米浆灰土无侧限压缩和三轴剪切离散元模拟。首先基于软胶结模型考虑糯米浆-石灰的强度特征,制备了糯米浆灰土离散元试样;然后通过参数敏感性分析为试样赋予合理的接触模型等效模量和胶结强度参数,最后对试样开展无侧限和三轴压缩模拟。结果表明：离散元模拟能再现糯米浆灰土加载试验的主要特征;加载过程中胶结破坏数量先缓后快增加,最终趋于平缓,胶结破坏呈现一定的聚集效应;无侧限压缩下胶结接触主要发生拉伸破坏,随着围压增加,剪切破坏接触数量增加;试样偏组构快速增加段为胶结破坏诱发。     

黄河康扬水电站泄洪闸工程固结灌浆浆液选择与成果分析

根据泄洪闸地层分布情况,在泄洪闸的闸室段和消力池段基础进行固结灌桨,以提高基岩承载力和地基完整性。通过采用两种不同浆液灌前、后声波测试检查分析,得出在红层地区固结灌浆的有效参数和方法,有效地节约了投资。     

AZ91D镁合金半固态浆料制备工艺

采用自行设计制造的半固态镁合金机械搅拌装置,制备了镁合金半固态浆料,研究了搅拌工艺参数对半固态镁合金组织的影响.结果表明:搅拌速率、静置时间和搅拌温度对半固态组织影响很大,搅拌速率在900r/min时,静置时间为5-10 min,搅拌温度在565～575℃时,获得的组织均匀细小;搅拌速率过大,晶粒尺寸反而有所增大;静置时间影响半固态组织中固相晶粒的长大;搅拌温度影响固相率,从而也影响到固相晶粒的圆整度.     

聚对苯乙烯磺酸钠添加剂的分子量对水煤浆浆体性质的影响

选用了变质程度不同的八种煤和三种不同分子量的聚对苯乙烯磺酸钠（PSS）添加剂,详细考查了该添加剂的分子量对水煤浆浆体性质的影响。结果发现,在考查PSS相对分子量的范围内（质均分子量为5.34×104～33.39×104）,八种煤的水煤浆成浆性随着分子量的增大而增加,水煤浆成浆性与PSS添加剂的平均分子量的关系可归因于添加剂在煤粒上的吸附,分子量小的PSS在煤粒上的吸附量大于分子量大的PSS;PSS分子量的增加有利于水煤浆的流变性由胀性向假塑性转变;PSS分子量的增加使水煤浆的静态稳定性得到显著的改善。     

渣浆泵过流件用高铬铸铁材料特性分析与选择

基于定量金相分析和Thermo-Calc软件的热力学平衡相计算,研究了渣浆泵过流件用高铬铸铁中碳化物数量和基体铬含量与铸铁中碳、铬含量之间的定量关系,在此基础上阐明了各类高铬铸铁的主要特性及适用范围。结果表明,在不同工矿条件下渣浆泵过流件最佳使用效果可通过高铬铸铁中碳和铬含量的调整来实现,高铬铸铁中较高的碳含量有利于改善其耐磨性能,而高铬低碳配置有助于获得具有良好耐腐蚀性能的不锈钢基体。Thermo-Calc软件预测结果与定量金相分析结果基本上相符,可作为各类高铬铸铁材料特性分析及选用的工具。     

非金属微粉低密度水泥浆的制备

低密度水泥浆可解决低压易漏井固井时水泥浆漏失的难题,但由于其水泥石抗压强度低、体积收缩大,严重影响了固井质量和油井寿命.用外掺法在水泥颗粒空隙中添加非金属微粉,降低水泥石的孔隙率和收缩率,并提高其抗压强度.研究结果表明,与相同密度(1.4 g/cm3)掺有漂珠的低密度水泥浆相比,掺有非金属微粉的低密度水泥石的抗压强度显著提高,水化1 d后有害孔率降低了72.4%,7 d体积收缩率降低了58.9%,水泥浆的工程性能基本满足固井施工的技术要求.