不同添加剂对石膏模型性能的影响

研究了分别以聚乙烯醇 (PVA )、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛 (PVF)和甲基纤维素 (MC)为添加剂对石膏模型性能的影响。结果表明三种添加剂的加入均可使石膏模型的强度增大 ,在聚乙烯醇和甲基纤维素的加入量为 0 .3%时 ,石膏模型的抗折强度最大 ;添加剂使石膏的凝结时间略有延长 ,添加剂的加入使石膏模型的吸浆厚度略有减小 ;添加剂的加入均能提高石膏模型的耐碱蚀能力。     

FCC油浆抽提分离产物结构组成分析

以切尾FCC油浆为原料，采用DMF和反抽提剂的复配溶剂进行抽提分离，对FCC油浆及其抽提产物的物性和组成进行了分析表征。结果表明，复配溶剂可以较好地将FCC油浆分离成以芳香烃为主的抽出相和以饱和结构为主的抽余相，在抽出油收率为58.5%时，抽出油芳香分含量80.5%，芳碳率为73.82%，所含芳烃以二环、三环和四环为主，可以作为橡胶填充油和增塑剂等的原料；抽余油饱和分含量高达90%以上，芳碳率只有2.38%，基本不含杂原子，可以作为优良的催化裂化原料。溶剂抽提可以使低附加值的FCC油浆得到较好的利用。     

Effect of acid strength distribution on conversion of FCC gasoline over a ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst

Summary Acid strength distribution and the distribution of aromatics formed in the FCC gasoline conversion reaction on a ZSM-5 zeolite with different Na contents have been studied. With increasing Na content in the ZSM-5 zeolite, the acid sites determined by NH₃-TPD technique, especially the strong acid sites, clearly decrease. When used as catalyst for the aromatization reaction, the transformation of olefins in the FCC gasoline into aromatics is governed directly by the strong acid sites on the ZSM-5 catalyst. Only under the conditions that a ZSM-5 catalyst possesses suitable strong acid sites is reaction temperature favorable for the aromatics formed.     

沼液和香蕉秆压榨汁生产单细胞蛋白菌株的筛选

由于全球蛋白质缺乏,单细胞蛋白(Single cell protein,SCP)作为一种安全的食品添加剂和饲料,越来越受到人们的重视。尽管SCP大规模生产历史已有近百年,但是对各种优良生产菌株、潜在底物以及最优发酵条件的研究仍然是世界各国研究的热点。基于此,本研究以沼液和香蕉秆压榨汁为研究对象,对能利用其生长的菌株进行筛选,为进一步的单细胞蛋白生产提供参考。实验结果表明:酵母菌、芽孢杆菌都能利用沼液和香蕉秆压榨汁生长,但香蕉秆压榨汁不易保存,因此不宜作为发酵底物;热带假丝酵母Candida tropicalis在沼液中的生长能力强于酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y49和毕赤酵母Pichia pastoris GS115;芽孢杆菌在沼液中的生长无规律,且易染杂菌,不适合实际生产应用。因此,沼液作为热带假丝酵母单细胞蛋白生产的培养基,不仅能为单细胞蛋白的生产提供原料,也有利于沼液的妥善处理,实现经济效益和环境效益的双赢。     

Effects of NAPL Contaminants on the Permeability of a Soil‐Bentonite Slurry Wall Material

Soilbentonite slurry walls are designed to inhibit the subsurface movement of contaminants from hazardous waste sites. Although it is generally accepted that high concentrations of organic compounds will adversely affect soilbentonite slurry walls and clay liners, previous research investigating the effects of NAPLs on the conductivity of clay wall materials has been inconclusive. In this study the effects of various organics (benzene, aniline, trichloroethylene, ethylene dichloride, methylene chloride) on the effective conductivity of a typical soilbentonite slurry wall material were studied under two effective stress conditions, 200 and 52kPa. The hydraulic conductivity for the soilbentonite material permeated with water averaged 1.52×10^-8cms^-1. Compared to water, there was little change in conductivity when the sample was permeated with a solution containing a NAPL compound at its solubility limit, except for aniline. However, there was a one to two order of magnitude decrease in conductivity when the sample was permeated with a pure NAPL for all NAPLs tested. When the soilbentonite material was permeated with a water/NAPL/water/NAPL sequence, the conductivity decreased one to two orders of magnitude when a NAPL was introduced following water; however, when water was reintroduced after the NAPL, the conductivity increased to the initial hydraulic conductivity. The conductivity again decreased one to two orders of magnitude when the NAPL was reintroduced. This trend occurred for all NAPLs tested, and the fluid properties of the NAPL compounds alone did not account for the decrease in conductivity compared to water.     

CFD SIMULATION OF FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING IN DOWNER REACTORS

A mathematical model has been developed for the simulation of gas-particle flow and fluid catalytic cracking in downer reactors. The model takes into account both cracking reaction and flow behavior through a four-lump reaction kinetics coupled with two-phase turbulent flow. The prediction results show that the relatively large change of gas velocity affects directly the axial distribution of solids velocity and void fraction, which significantly interact with the chemical reaction. Furthermore, model simulations are carried out to determine the effects of such parameters on product yields, as bed diameter, reaction temperature and the ratio of catalyst to oil, which are helpful for optimizing the yields of desired products. The model equations are coded and solved on CFX4.4.     

热处理对NiTi形状记忆合金冲蚀磨损性能的影响

采用自制浆罐式砂水冲蚀磨损试验装置研究了4种经不同条件热处理的NiTi合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的冲蚀磨损性能;采用XL-30型扫描电子显微镜观察试样的冲蚀磨损表面形貌;采用MH-6型显微硬度计测量NiTi合金硬度;采用自制拉伸装置测量NiTi合金的力学性能.结果表明:5种试样的冲蚀磨损量随着冲蚀时间、冲蚀速度、砂水比及砂粒度的增加而增大,4种NiTi合金的耐冲蚀性能相近,均明显优于1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢,其中试样NiTi-3和NiTi-1表现出较好的耐冲蚀性能;硬度并非NiTi合金冲蚀磨损性能的决定因素,超弹性和超塑性是NiTi合金具有较好耐冲蚀性的主要原因,热处理使得NiTi合金的超弹性变形量减小,但增加了NiTi合金的塑性变形量;合金丝磨损表面不同部位的磨损机理不同,中部为典型的变形磨损,侧面为微切削磨损,5种试样均表现为典型的韧性材料冲蚀磨损特征.     

管内固-液两相流动阻力特性影响因素的敏感性分析

在浆体管道的工程设计中，管道阻力损失是一项关键参数。在大量实验的基础上，本文根据取得的有关实验成果，对影响管内固-液两相流动阻力的4个最主要因素-管径D、颗粒比重S、浆体浓度Cv和倾角θ进行了深入探讨，并采用多因素分析法比较了它们对于固体物料管道水力输送阻力输送阻力损失的影响程度大小关系，从而为在工程设计降低管道输送阻力提供了主要调整手段。     

UV-assisted degradation of propiconazole in a TiO2 aqueous suspension: identification of transformation products and the reaction pathway using GC/MS

Photocatalytic degradation of propiconazole, a triazole pesticide, in the presence of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) under ultraviolet (UV) illumination was performed in a batch type photocatalytic reactor. A full factorial experimental design technique was used to study the main effects and the interaction effects between operational parameters in the photocatalytic degradation of propiconazole in a batch photo-reactor using the TiO₂ aqueous suspension. The effects of catalyst concentration (0.15–0.4 gL^?1), initial pH (3–9), initial concentration (5–35 mg L^?1) and light conditions were optimised at a reaction time duration of 90 min by keeping area/volume ratio constant at 0.919 cm² mL^?1. Photocatalytic oxidation of propiconazole showed 85% degradation and 76.57% mineralisation under UV light (365 nm/30 Wm^?2) at pH 6.5, initial concentration 25 mg L^?1 and constant temperature (25 ± 1 °C). The Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model has successfully elucidated the effects of the initial concentration on the degradation of propiconazole and the data obtained are consistent with the available kinetic parameters. The photocatalytic transformation products of propiconazole were identified by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The pathway of degradation obtained from mass spectral analysis shows the breakdown of transformation products into smaller hydrocarbons (m/z 28 and 39).     

耐磨环氧胶粘涂层冲蚀磨损特性的研究

本文对气固冲蚀和浆体冲蚀条件下耐磨环氧胶粘涂层的磨损特性进行了研究。结果表明,这种涂层的冲蚀磨损是由粘结剂的磨损和抗磨填料的磨损所组成;填料粒度和磨料粒度都对涂层的气固冲蚀磨损有影响,但在给定的试验条件下,填料粒度对涂层的浆体冲蚀磨损影响甚微。文章指出,耐磨环氧胶粘涂层在气固冲蚀和浆体冲蚀下的磨损机理相似,但磨损规律却有所不同;耐磨环氧胶粘涂层尤其适用于浆体冲蚀的场合,可以明显地提高机械过流部件的使用寿命。