Kinetic theory analysis of explosive boiling of a liquid droplet

The process of rapid phase transition from highly superheated liquid to vapor is frequently so fast and violent that it is called explosive boiling. The paper uses the kinetic theory of evaporation to study growth of an internal vapor bubble produced by homogeneous nucleation within a highly superheated liquid droplet boiling explosively in a hot medium. Evaporation/condensation coefficient is estimated by comparing the predictions of the theory with available experimental data. We show that the value of the evaporation coefficient can be very low for high reduced temperatures (0.06 for butane at 378 K), in agreement with recent molecular dynamic simulations.     

基于虚拟样本的火工品可靠性评估

为了提高小样本下火工品可靠性评估的精度,研究了升降法实验及其数据分析方法。结合火工品升降法实验数据的特点,给出了一种数据填充方法,把二元成败型数据转化为虚拟完全样本数据。模拟结果表明,与基于二元成败型数据的估计相比,基于虚拟完全样本数据的位置参数估计基本一致,而刻度参数估计具有更优的统计性质。利用该虚拟样本数据,结合信仰推断方法,给出了火工品可靠性评估方法。最后将该方法应用于某产品的可靠性评估,并与大样本评估方法进行了比较,表明该方法可以在较小样本下实现对高可靠性火工品的可靠性评估。     

Explosive synchronization through dynamical environment

We report the emergence of an explosive synchronization transition in the identical oscillators interacting indirectly through a network of dynamical agents. The transition from incoherent state to coherent state and vice–versa in these coupled oscillator exhibits an abrupt as well as irreversible. Such transition depends on the network topology as well as the interaction between the oscillators and dynamical agents rather than degree-frequency correlation in the network of oscillators. The occurrence of explosive synchronization is studied in details by using an appropriate order parameter for limit-cycle oscillators with respect to the different parameters like rewiring probability, average degree, and diffusion rate in dynamical agents.     

基于磁通压缩技术的爆炸磁频率发生器的参数选择

 爆炸磁频率发生器是一种结构简单、小型化的电磁脉冲产生和辐射装置。为了优化其性能,从数学模型入手进行研究,得出输出信号所满足的Bessel函数,分析了在不同电参数下输出信号的模式及电路中的能量分配。研究结果表明,当电感变化到初始值的1/e所需时间与初始载波频率的乘积较大时,发生器的输出信号为振荡模式,且二者乘积越大,载波频率越高,对其辐射越有利。     

空间电荷效应对阴极微凸起热不稳定性的影响

 由于金属微凸起爆炸电子发射的预发射电流密度一般都超过108 A/cm2,因此必须考虑其空间电荷效应的影响。基于金属微凸起爆炸电子发射起始过程模型,通过理论分析和数值模拟,给出了考虑预发射电流空间电荷效应的微凸起爆炸发射延迟时间随二极管平均电场的变化关系。与不考虑预发射电流空间电荷效应的结果进行对比表明,预发射电流的空间电荷效应可以显著增加金属微凸起的爆炸发射延迟时间。     

防爆舱设计及抗爆炸冲击波超压试验研究

为了满足某驾驶操作舱对爆炸冲击波的防护,设计了防爆舱结构,选用了多种防护材料,数值计算了爆炸参数和结构强度,完成了防爆舱在距离爆炸点9 m处12 kg三硝基甲苯(trinitrotoluene, TNT)裸装药的爆炸试验,重点测试了防爆驾驶舱内外的声压、内部噪声及操作人员座椅处的3个方向的振动加速度曲线。结果表明:舱内脉冲噪声峰值最大为135.1 dB;压力峰值为882.5 Pa,持续时间约为1 472 ms;座椅处3个方向的振动加速度最大为15.41g,持续时间为0.23 s;均在相关标准安全限制内,满足对等效重量为12 kg TNT及以下爆炸物在9 m处的爆炸冲击波的有效防护,验证了该防爆舱的可靠和安全。     

Explosive synchronization in network of mobile oscillators

Recently, the explosive synchronization (ES) has attracted great interests. Motivated by the recent dynamic framework of complex network, we focus on the network of mobile oscillators and study synchronization phenomenon. The local synchronous order parameter of the neighbors of the oscillator is used as the controllable variable to adjust the coupling strength of the oscillator. Hence, it can be seen as a kind of adaptive strategy. By numerical simulation, we find that ES can be observed in the dynamic network of mobile oscillators, accompanying with hysteresis loop, as the coupling strength increases gradually. It is found that the critical value of coupling strength and hysteresis loop width is affected by the natural frequency distribution and the number of neighbors the oscillator owning. It can be deduced that ES will be motivated by increasing the number of oscillators in the network. Meanwhile, our results are feasible to different natural frequency distributions, such as Lorentzian, Gaussian power-law, and Rayleigh distribution, whether it is symmetric or not.     

AIE-active polymers for explosive detection

Super-sensitive and ultra-selective detection of explosives plays a crucial role in anti-terrorism operations, homeland security, civilian safety and environment protection. Among the developed fluorescent probes, the polymers with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics have drawn much attention due to their bright emission in the aggregate and solid states. However, no review has summarized the development of AIE-active polymers for explosive detection. Herein, we reviewed the recent progress on using AIE-active polymers to detect explosives with super-amplification quenching effect. Moreover, the challenges and opportunities in this area were also briefly discussed.     

比色高温传感器参数分析及其在爆炸场中的应用

基于比色测温原理,系统分析了中心波长、波长带宽、立体角等因素对仪器响应速度和测温精度的影响,确定了适用于瞬态高温测量的系统参数。提出了基于光电转换系数和工作波长上下极限的比色高温传感器响应计算方法。在优化的标定温度下,用高温黑体炉进行标定实验,通过对标定数据的分析确定了仪器实际工作参数,并对传感器温度响应进行了计算。结果表明用该方法计算得到的响应关系误差在1%以内。利用该比色高温计现场测试了燃料空气爆炸场的瞬态温度响应,得到了爆轰区温度随时间、距离的变化规律。