李color三系的Frattini子系的性质

给出了李color三系的Frattini子系的定义,得到了李color三系的Frattini子系的一些性质·特别的,证明了李color三系T有分解T=T_1⊕T_2⊕…⊕T_m,则φ(T)有分解φ(T)=φ(T_1)⊕φ(T_2)⊕…⊕φ(T_m).     

A step-by-step guide to building two-population stochastic mortality models

Two-population stochastic mortality models play a crucial role in the securitization of longevity risk. In particular, they allow us to quantify the population basis risk when longevity hedges are built from broad-based mortality indexes. In this paper, we propose and illustrate a systematic process for constructing a two-population mortality model for a pair of populations. The process encompasses four steps, namely (1) determining the conditions for biological reasonableness, (2) identifying an appropriate base model specification, (3) choosing a suitable time-series process and correlation structure for projecting period and/or cohort effects into the future, and (4) model evaluation.For each of the seven single-population models from Cairns et al. (2009), we propose two-population generalizations. We derive criteria required to avoid long-term divergence problems and the likelihood functions for estimating the models. We also explain how the parameter estimates are found, and how the models are systematically simplified to optimize the fit based on the Bayes Information Criterion. Throughout the paper, the results and methodology are illustrated using real data from two pairs of populations.     

IMEP-24 analysis of eight trace elements in toys

The International Measurement Evaluation Program (IMEP) organised the IMEP-24 interlaboratory comparison after reports in the media about high levels of lead in toys. The aim of this comparison was to verify the laboratories’ capacity to evaluate trace-element levels in a possible toy-like material according to the European Standard EN 71-3:1994. As test material, it used a former certified reference material containing levels of antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead and selenium around the limits set in the standard.Four expert laboratories confirmed the reference values (Xref) for all elements but Hg, and established a reference value for Hg. The scatter of the results reported by the participants was large, as expected, but showed a close to normal distribution around the reference values for five of the eight trace elements. The spread of results was mainly attributed to sampling and sample preparation.One major issue observed in this exercise was the lack of legislative rules about how to report the result, or, more specifically, the use of the analytical correction, which was introduced in EN 71-3:1994 to achieve consistent interpretation of results and which is to be applied when values are equal to or above the maximum limits set in the standard. Its application by the participants was very inconsistent and led to problems in their evaluation. There is clearly a need for clarification and for more formal regulations with regard to result reporting in order to minimise the risk of confusion.Participants were also asked to give their opinion with regard to the acceptability of the test material for the market. The majority correctly considered the material as non-compliant. However, almost one-third incorrectly assessed the material as compliant.     

IMEP-24 analysis of eight trace elements in toys

The International Measurement Evaluation Program (IMEP) organized the IMEP-24 interlaboratory comparison after reports in the media about high levels of lead in toys. The aim of this comparison was to verify the laboratories’ capacity to evaluate trace-element levels in a possible toy-like material according to the European Standard EN 71-3:1994. As test material, it used a former certified reference material containing levels of antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead and selenium around the limits set in the standard.Four expert laboratories confirmed the reference values (Xref) for all elements but Hg, and established a reference value for Hg. The scatter of the results reported by the participants was large, as expected, but showed a close to normal distribution around the reference values for five of the eight trace elements. The spread of results was mainly attributed to sampling and sample preparation.One major issue observed in this exercise was the lack of legislative rules about how to report the result, or, more specifically, the use of the analytical correction, which was introduced in EN 71-3:1994 to achieve consistent interpretation of results and which is to be applied when values are equal to or above the maximum limits set in the standard. Its application by the participants was very inconsistent and led to problems in their evaluation. There is clearly a need for clarification and for more formal regulations with regard to result reporting in order to minimize the risk of confusion.Participants were also asked to give their opinion with regard to the acceptability of the test material for the market. The majority correctly considered the material as non-compliant. However, almost one-third incorrectly assessed the material as compliant.     

Fast amortized multi-point evaluation

The efficient evaluation of multivariate polynomials at many points is an important operation for polynomial system solving. Kedlaya and Umans have recently devised a theoretically efficient algorithm for this task when the coefficients are integers or when they lie in a finite field. In this paper, we assume that the set of points where we need to evaluate is fixed and “sufficiently generic”. Under these restrictions, we present a quasi-optimal algorithm for multi-point evaluation over general fields. We also present a quasi-optimal algorithm for the opposite interpolation task.     

1993年贵州省农村改水效益分析

１９９３年贵州省共投入５９９９．０２万元改水资金，新增受益人口１２０．１９万人。本文量化投入后产生的效益并对投资与效益进行评价。     

医疗质量综合评价指标可比性研究

应用直接标化法计算病种构成变化对医疗质量综合评价指标的影响程度并算出标化值。１９９１年病种构成变化对治愈率、病死率、平均住院日变化的影响程度分别为６９．９１％，８４．９６％，８６．７７％，表明病种构成变化对医疗质量综合评价指标的影响不容忽视，未经标化的指标无可比性     

矿化模型及研究动态综述

综合评述了矿化模型研究发展的历史和现状，指出了存在的问题和发展方向。     

企业员工知识创新能力模糊综合评价体系

知识创新是企业知识管理的核心 ,只有在明确企业员工目前知识创新能力水平的前提下 ,企业才能建立起一套科学、合理的创新激励机制 ,进而充分激发企业员工知识创新的积极性 ,达到提高企业整体知识创新水平的目的。