杜仲形成层活动周期中多糖贮量和淀粉酶同工酶的变化

杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides)枝条中的多糖颗粒经Ⅰ-KI溶液染色不显蓝黑色反应,偏光显微镜检查也不显示各向异性。髓、木质部、木射线和皮层薄壁细胞内多糖贮量的变化和形成层的活动周期有关:从5月下旬至12月中旬,逐步积累:从12月下旬至翌年4月中旬则逐步消失。韧皮部薄壁细胞中的多糖颗粒很少,而且没有季节性变化。淀粉酶同工酶酶谱在不同组织中不同,并随形成层的活动状态而变化,但与多糖颗粒的积累和消失无相关关系。     

Chemical composition analysis of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels and its four processed products by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry combining with nontargeted metabolomics

Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. has been used for women to enrich the blood, prevent and treat blood deficiency syndrome in Traditional Chinese Medicine for thousands of years. Wine-processed Angelica sinensis, soil-processed Angelica sinensis, oil-processed Angelica sinensis, and charred-processed Angelica sinensis are the most significant four processed products used in Chinese clinic. However, there have been few studies aimed at comparing their chemical differences. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry combining with nontargeted metabolomics was applied to investigate the diversity of processed products of Angelica sinensis. A total of 74 compounds with the variable importance in the projection value more than 1.5 and P less than 0.05 in ANOVA were highlighted as the compounds that contribute most to the discrimination of Angelica sinensis and four processed products. The results showed the metabolic changes between Angelica sinensis and its four processed products, there were 19 metabolites, 3 metabolites, 6 metabolites, and 45 metabolites were tentatively assigned in soil-processed Angelica sinensis, wine-processed Angelica sinensis, oil-processed Angelica sinensis, and charred-processed Angelica sinensis, respectively. These results suggested that the proposed metabolomics approach was useful for the quality evaluation and control of processed products of Angelica sinensis.     

Facile fabrication of a superhydrophobic surface from natural Eucommia rubber

In this study, we introduce a fabrication method for a superhydrophobic surface made from natural Eucommia rubber. Based on the Eucommia rubber extract solution, we prepared a type of superhydrophobic material using the simple phase separation method and the addition of a low‐surface‐energy substance method, thus developing a new approach for the application of natural Eucommia rubber. The experimental results showed that a superhydrophobic film could be obtained by both the addition of acetone and induction by water vapor. Additionally, the film exhibited properties closely related to the crystalline Eucommia rubber spherical particles with a hierarchical structure. The addition of hydrophobic silica also increased the hydrophobic property of the Eucommia rubber film. When the content of the silica was 4% (wt%), the contact angle of the composite film reached 160.7°, which could be attributed to the properties of the nano‐silica and the micro‐nano structure of the composites. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用分析马蹄香中的挥发油成分

利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析马蹄香挥发油的化学成分,为马蹄香的挥发油成分分析提供新方法。以顶空固相微萃取法提取挥发油,气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油成分进行分离鉴定,并采用面积归一化法确定各成分的相对质量分数。结果样品在90℃下平衡30min,顶空吸附15min的条件下,采用100μm PDMS纤维头能有效地吸附马蹄香挥发油成分。气相色谱-质谱联用技术共鉴定出57个成分,其中相对质量分数较高的有西车烯(15.93%)、1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-八氢-1,4-二甲基-7-(1-甲基乙烯基)甘菊蓝(13.55%)、α-广藿香烯(9.50%)等。马蹄香挥发油具有丰富的化学成分,顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用能全面快速地获得其组成信息,可应用于马蹄香挥发油成分的研究。     

高效液相色谱法测定杜仲中京尼平甙酸

ODS- C18色谱柱 (2 0 0 mm× 4 .6 mm,5 μm) ,甲醇 -水 -冰乙酸 (12∶ 87∶ 1)为流动相 ,高效液相色谱法测定了杜仲中京尼平甙酸的含量 ,考察了流动相组成、酸性添加剂对色谱分离效果的影响 ,流速 1.0 m L/ min时 ,京尼平甙酸的容量因子 k′在 2— 3之间 ,分离度大于 1,保留时间为 6 .9min,样品分析时间在 30 min之内 ,满足色谱分析要求。京尼平甙酸在 0 .0 36— 1.36 mg/ m L时 ,色谱峰面积与样品量呈良好的线性关系 ,线性方程为 A=6 375 6 132 72 6 0 C,相关系数 r=0 .9996。     

基于转录组高通量测序分析白光对杜仲愈伤组织中绿原酸含量的影响

利用Illumina HiSeq 2500平台对光暗培养的杜仲愈伤组织进行了转录组高通量测序,利用BLAST软件进行差异表达基因的功能注释和富集分析,就白光(光强为12 000 lux,16 h 光照,8 h 黑暗)对杜仲愈伤组织中绿原酸含量的影响进行了研究.结果表明:通过Trinity软件合并组装后共获得62 030个Unigenes,通过BLASTX比对,共获得25 417(40.98%)个有注释信息的Unigenes.通过对KEGG通路进行深入分析表明,白光(光强为12 000 lux,16 h 光照,8 h 黑暗)培养杜仲愈伤组织18 d,与绿原酸合成相关的3种酶基因上调表达,它们分别为苯丙氨酸解氨酶(EC 4.3.1.24,phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,PAL)、肉桂酸-4-羟基化酶(EC 1.14.13.11,trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase,C4H)、奎宁酸羟基肉桂酰转移酶(EC 2.3.1.133,Shikimate o-hydroxyl-cinnamoyltransferase,HCT).由此推断,白光能促进杜仲愈伤组织中绿原酸的积累.研究结果为获取高产绿原酸资源和杜仲遗传分析提供有价值的资料.     

杜仲中木脂素类化合物纯化工艺研究

对杜仲中木脂素类化合物松脂醇二葡萄糖甙(PDG)和丁香脂素二葡萄糖甙(SDG)进行分离纯化工艺研究。首先采用溶剂萃取法进行一次纯化,再采用大孔吸附树脂优化纯化工艺,最后采用硅胶柱色谱法同时分离、纯化杜仲中松脂醇二葡萄糖甙和丁香脂素二葡萄糖甙,采用反相高效液相色谱法跟踪检测纯度。纯化后得到两种晶体,经过UV、IR、MS和1HNMR定性分析确定为松脂醇二葡萄糖甙和丁香脂素二葡萄糖甙,其纯度分别为90.86%和91.73%,回收率分别为42.14%和47.17%。该纯化方法能获得高纯度的松脂醇二葡萄糖甙和丁香脂素二葡萄糖甙,操作简单、成本低。     

超声助提杜仲叶中绿原酸的溶剂效应

研究了超声条件下提取杜仲叶中绿原酸的溶剂效应.分别采用水、甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮等不同极性的溶剂进行提取,考察了溶剂配比、溶剂pH值等因素对绿原酸提取率的影响.结果表明：用甲醇提取时,绿原酸提取率最高,超声助提杜仲叶中绿原酸的最佳溶剂条件是pH值为4.5的70%的甲醇水溶液.     

杜仲叶中总黄酮的醇提工艺

在杜仲叶中总黄酮的提取实验中, 单因素考察了乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间等因素的影响趋势,并以正交实验设计优选最佳提取条件,即以12倍量的50% 乙醇,在80 ℃条件下回流提取60 min,重复提取一次,总黄酮得率达3.08%,占固体提取物的31.9%,得率稳定、重现性较好.