新疆引种栽培杜仲和正品杜仲中微量元素含量比较研究

本文利用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪分析了阿克苏栽培杜仲和正品杜仲中主要的微量元素,并比较了栽培杜仲和正品杜种中微量元素含量方面的差异。     

杜仲提取物对鱼类病原菌作用的研究

采用二次水浸提法提取杜仲有效成分进行杯碟法抑菌试验.结果表明,杜仲提取物对嗜水气单胞菌、鳗弧菌、温和气单胞菌具有较好的抑菌效果,而对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果不明显.通过SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析病原菌在杜仲提取物作用下蛋白的差异表达,结果发现,药物抑菌效果越明显的菌种,其蛋白表达的差异性就越大,且受抑制的蛋白和诱导表达的特异蛋白的分布比较广;而抑菌效果较差的菌种,其蛋白表达差异性较小.     

UHPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS determination and pharmacokinetics of pinoresinol glucoside and chlorogenic acid in rat plasma after oral administration of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv extract

This study aimed to develop a specific UHPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS method for simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetics of pinoresinol glucoside and chlorogenic acid in rat plasma after oral administration of Eucommia ulmoides . The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Hypersil GOLD column with gradient elution by using a mixture of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 200 μL/min. A tandem mass spectrometric detection was conducted using multiple‐reaction monitoring via an electrospray ionization source in negative ionization mode. Samples were pre‐treated by a single‐step protein precipitation with acetonitrile, and bergenin was used as internal standard. After oral administration of 3 mL/kg E. ulmoides extract in rats, the maximum plasma concentrations of pinoresinol glucoside and chlorogenic acid were 57.44 and 61.04 ng/mL, respectively. The times to reach the maximum plasma concentration were 40.00 and 23.33 min for pinoresinol glucoside and chlorogenic acid, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision (RSD) values for the two analytes were <2.46 and 5.15%, respectively, and the accuracy (RE) values ranged from −12.76 to 0.00. This is the first study on pharmacokinetics of bioactive compounds in rat plasma after oral administration of E. ulmoides extract.     

Role of epoxidized natural Eucommia ulmoides gum in modifying the interface of styrene‐butadiene rubber/silica composites

Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) is a renewable and sustainable polymer, which could be used as rubber or plastic by altering its crosslinking density while the complicated extracting process and nonpolar molecular chains limited its application. In this effort, a novel extraction method was introduced, which could simplify the extraction process of EUG. Then, the extracted EUG‐chloroform (CHCl₃) solution was directly used to prepare epoxidized EUG (EEUG) with an epoxy degree of 40.0% to improve its polarity. The epoxidized natural EUG exhibiting both polar and nonpolar motives had an advantage in working as an interfacial compatibilizer for polymer composites, especially bio‐based composites due to its inherent biocompatibility. Accordingly, the role of EEUG in modifying the interface of styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR)/silica composites were explored. The results showed that EEUG in SBR/silica composites acted not only as a compatibilizer but also as a constructure generating better mechanical properties than other compatibilizers, such as silane couplings, Si‐69 and KH‐550, and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). The simplified extracting process and the epoxy modification of EUG would extend its application in rubber materials, medical materials, and biopolymer materials.     

杜仲细胞的悬浮培养

杜仲外植体在ＭＳ＋２，４－Ｄ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上可诱导出生长速度快、离散性好、适合于悬浮培养的愈伤组织；愈伤组织在ＭＳ＋２，４－Ｄ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＣＨ３００ｍｇ／Ｌ的液体培养基上进行振荡培养，经３～４次继代，即可建立起悬浮细胞系；悬浮细胞的形状为长形、椭圆形、圆形和“月牙”形。     

雌雄异株植物的生理生化特性及性别鉴定

为了提供同种雌雄株性别鉴定的理论根据,采用生理生化方法对银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)、黑枣(Diospyros lotus L.)、杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.)雌株和雄株的代谢差异进行检测,结果如下:1.过氧化物酶和细胞色素氧化酶同工酶的谱带数量和酶的相对含量,在雌雄株间有显著的差异;2.氧化还原电位和抗药性具有相关性,可做为性别鉴定的简易和有效的方法;3.雄株叶绿素和核酸的含量低于雌株,游离氨基酸的含量高于雌株;4.维生素C在性别间有差异,但尚无规律可循;5.可溶性糖和pH在性别间无明显差异。     

Application of ionic liquids based enzyme-assisted extraction of chlorogenic acid from Eucommia ulmoides leaves

A new approach for ionic liquid based enzyme-assisted extraction (ILEAE) of chlorogenic acid (CGA) from Eucommia ulmoides is presented in which enzyme pretreatment was used in ionic liquids aqueous media to enhance extraction yield. For this purpose, the solubility of CGA and the activity of cellulase were investigated in eight 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids. Cellulase in 0.5 M [C6mim]Br aqueous solution was found to provide better performance in extraction. The factors of ILEAE procedures including extraction time, extraction phase pH, extraction temperatures and enzyme concentrations were investigated. Moreover, the novel developed approach offered advantages in term of yield and efficiency compared with other conventional extraction techniques. Scanning electronic microscopy of plant samples indicated that cellulase treated cell wall in ionic liquid solution was subjected to extract, which led to more efficient extraction by reducing mass transfer barrier. The proposed ILEAE method would develope a continuous process for enzyme-assisted extraction including enzyme incubation and solvent extraction process. In this research, we propose a novel view for enzyme-assisted extraction of plant active component, besides concentrating on enzyme facilitated cell wall degradation, focusing on improvement of bad permeability of ionic liquids solutions.     

杜仲活性成分四氢呋喃骈四氢呋喃型木脂素的快速分析

杜仲(eucommiaulmoidesOliv)具有补肝肾、强筋骨、安胎和降压等功效。其中四氢呋喃骈四氢呋喃型木脂素松脂素二葡萄糖苷是其主要的降压有效成分;丁香脂素二葡萄糖苷在治疗淋巴细胞白血病中有较好的活性。Deyama等研究杜仲的木脂素对cAMP磷酸二酯酶的抑制作用,表明松脂素(Pinoresinol)、麦迪奥脂素(Medioresinol)和丁香脂素(Syringaresinol)的二葡萄糖苷的抑制作用最强,苷元单体次之。而松脂素、丁香脂素本身具有抗氧化活性,这对于保护活细胞的防御系统,防止氧化引起的细胞损伤有重要意义。     

高分子时代的天然高分子

本文从资源利用的战略角度讨论了发展及加强天然高分子研究的重要性。以几个天然高分子为例讨论了它们的研究动向及进展。与合成高分子相比，指出了天然高分子研究中存在的问题。文中对我国学者在这一领域中所作的卓越贡献做了简要介绍。     

基于密炼接枝工艺的杜仲胶改性橡胶沥青效果分析

杜仲胶为中国产特有的一种天然橡胶,具有可硫化或者接枝的双键结构。为解决橡胶沥青中胶粉与沥青相容性不足从而导致施工和易性差的问题,采用接枝工艺在杜仲胶与胶粉、沥青之间建立紧密化学链接是一个十分有效的技术手段,但限于溶剂接枝工艺复杂不利于工业化生产的现状,提出在密炼机中将接枝物与杜仲胶通过高温密炼的方式将其接枝改性。为了验证密炼接枝能否达到溶剂接枝的改性效果,开展了普通胶粉、密炼杜仲胶改性胶粉、溶剂接枝杜仲胶改性胶粉和密炼接枝改性胶粉4种胶粉对沥青的改性试验,通过常规与SHARP的沥青宏观试验方法和红外光谱、荧光显微镜和扫描电镜等微观观测方法进行了测试,分析了不同杜仲胶接枝方法对橡胶粉的影响。试验结果表明：高温密炼可以使橡胶粉产生脱硫和杜仲胶硫化等化学反应,从而改性橡胶沥青性能;并且能使小官能团在高温和机械作用下接枝到杜仲胶上,与橡胶粉混合后使其具有更高的化学活性,能与沥青建立更为有效的化学联系;杜仲胶无论密炼还是溶剂接枝均能与橡胶粉和基质沥青产生交联反应、构建交联网络,使沥青内部形成稳固的空间交联结构,显著提升橡胶沥青的施工和易性和体系稳定性。