施肥处理对尾叶桉生长量和木材密度的影响

研究了不同施肥处理对６ ａ 生尾叶桉单株材积、年轮宽度、密度的影响规律,结果表明：从髓心向外,６ ａ 生尾叶桉年轮宽度呈逐渐减小趋势,基本密度呈逐渐上升趋势;施肥处理可以显著加快６ ａ 生尾叶桉的生长速度,提高尾叶桉的生长量;而造林当年施肥不仅加快尾叶桉当年的生长速度,对后期生长也有较好的促进作用;各施肥处理与对照材木片密度无显著差异。     

Buffalo Yogurt Fortified with Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and Myrrh (Commiphora Myrrha) Essential Oils: New Insights into the Functional Properties and Extended Shelf Life

Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and Myrrh (Commiphora Myrrha) essential oils (EOs) stand out for their benefits in terms of health and functionality. Buffalo set yogurt enriched with different concentrations of EOs (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9%) were investigated. The effects of addition on sensory, syneresis, antibacterial activity, and bioactive properties (total phenol content and antioxidant activity) of yogurt were studied. The most acceptable organoleptic properties of treated yogurt were those samples treated with Eucalyptus oil. The levels of syneresis were decreased by increasing the concentration of EOs. Moreover, the antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, and total phenolic content were enhanced by increasing the concentration of EOs. Yogurt with 0.9% Eucalyptus oil showed the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. The same concentration of Eucalyptus oil showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. typhimurium (the inhibition zone was 20.63 mm) then E. coli (the inhibition zone was 19.43 mm). On the other hand, the highest antibacterial effect against L. monocytogene was for Myrrh oil-enriched yogurt by 0.9% and the inhibition zone was 19.21 mm. The obtained results showed that Eucalyptus and Myrrh oils can be applied to yogurt to improve its beneficial properties in terms of physical characteristics and for human health due to their antioxidant activity and phenolic materials.     

Antioxidant and Antisteatotic Activities of Fucoidan Fractions from Marine and Terrestrial Sources

Fucoidan is a fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharide typically found in the cell wall of marine algae but also recently isolated from terrestrial sources. Due to a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant properties, fucoidan exhibits an attractive therapeutic potential against a wide array of metabolic diseases associated with oxidative stress. We used FTIR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy to investigate the structural features of a fucoidan fraction extracted from the brown alga Cystoseira compressa (CYS). The antioxidant potential of CYS was measured by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays, which revealed a radical scavenging capacity that was confirmed in in vitro cellular models of hepatic and endothelial cells. The same antioxidant effects were observed for another fucoidan fraction previously identified in the terrestrial tree Eucalyptus globulus (EUC). Moreover, in hepatic cells, CYS and EUC exhibited a significant antisteatotic action, being able to reduce intracellular triglyceride content through the regulation of key genes of hepatic lipid metabolism. EUC exerted stronger antioxidant and antisteatotic effects as compared to CYS, suggesting that both marine and terrestrial sources should be considered for fucoidan extraction and therapeutic applications.     

尾叶桉Eucalyptus urophylla对8种乡土树种的化感作用

测试了尾叶桉叶片水提取液和叶片挥发物对8种乡土树种的种子萌发和幼苗根茎生长的影响,包括鸭脚木Schefflera octophylla,肖蒲桃Acmena acuminatissima,水翁Cleistocalyxoperculatus,三花冬青Ilextriflora,荷木Schima superba,小叶青冈Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia,拐枣Hovenia dulcis和火力楠Michelia maclurei,结果表明:①水提取液的母液对这8种植物的种子萌发都没有显著影响,但在幼苗的根茎生长方面,对其中的鸭脚木、肖蒲桃和三花冬青产生了显著的抑制作用,对小叶青冈和拐枣则产生了显著的促进作用;3种水提取稀释液则对所有受体植物都没有显著影响。②叶片挥发物在150 g处理以下对所有物种的种子萌发均没有显著抑制作用,在较高浓度的处理中对部分植物的种子发芽率产生了显著或极显著的抑制作用,如肖蒲桃在350 g处理时,荷木在250 g和350 g处理时都受到极显著抑制;在幼苗根茎生长方面,肖蒲桃、三花冬青、荷木、拐枣和火力楠都受到了挥发物的显著抑制作用,而鸭脚木和水翁在250 g和350 g处理中受到了显著抑制,小叶青冈只在350 g处理中受到显著抑制。总之,尾叶桉叶片挥发物的化感作用强度比水提取液的高,而幼苗根茎生长比种子萌发更易受化感物质的抑制。     

不同森林群落类型土壤蚯蚓数量和生物量的时空分布特征

【目的】明确不同森林群落类型对其土壤蚯蚓数量(密度)及生物量时空动态的影响。【方法】采用电击法研究了云南省昆明市3种森林群落类型的土壤蚯蚓密度与生物量的时空分布规律,用相关分析与方差分析方法,分析3种森林类型的样地土壤理化环境与蚯蚓密度及生物量变化的相关性。【结果】①森林群落类型显著影响蚯蚓密度(P=0.001)和生物量(P=0.006),各森林群落类型下土壤蚯蚓密度与生物量的大小顺序分别为:云南松群落>桉树群落>疏林群落、云南松群落>疏林群落>桉树群落。②蚯蚓密度和生物量时间变化总体上表现为:9月>10月>11月。垂直分布表现为:桉树群落与云南松群落蚯蚓及生物量主要分布在≥5～10 cm土层,而疏林群落主要集中于0～5 cm土层。③桉树群落土壤温度、pH及水解氮与蚯蚓密度和生物量呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05); 土壤含水量、有机质、全氮等与蚯蚓密度及生物量变化趋势基本一致,但它们与蚯蚓密度及生物量的相关性未达到显著水平; 云南松群落和疏林群落下蚯蚓密度及生物量与土壤温度显著相关(P<0.05),而与土壤含水量、有机质、全氮、水解氮等相关性不显著。【结论】3种森林群落类型中土壤蚯蚓密度及生物量的时空分布具有显著的差异性,这种差异性与样地土壤理化环境(温度、水分、pH、土壤氮等)的变化密切相关。     

巨尾桉萌芽林引入降香黄檀后的土壤化学性质变化

通过桉树二代萌芽林补植降香黄檀后林地N,P养分、酶活性及酚类物质含量的关系,分析土壤化学性质的变化.结果表明:1)桉树纯林林间和根区土壤N含量与混交林均存在显著差异,尤其是纯林桉树根区比混交林的N含量高87.7%,而P含量差异不明显;2)桉树纯林林间土壤脲酶活性是混交林的2.2倍,酸性磷酸酶活性以混交林为高.在根区土中,磷酸酶活性与脲酶的变化趋势相同,即混交林桉树根区显著低于桉树纯林桉树根区、混交林降香黄檀根区;3)桉树纯林根区土壤总酚和复合酚含量均比混交林桉树和降香黄檀根区高,林间土水溶酚含量低于混交林.降香黄檀根区土壤的水溶酚含量极显著高于两个林分的桉树根区,差异幅度达到32.40%,43.86%;4)两个林分桉树根区土N/P无显著差异,但纯林林间土比混交林高238.8%;土壤N/P与P含量存在极显著关系,与酸性磷酸酶活性显著负相关,而与酚类含量关系不显著;水溶酚与复合酚为极显著负相关关系.     

重金属污染下台湾相思和尾叶桉根区土壤微生物群落多样性

利用BIOLOG微平板技术对广州市黄埔区龟山重金属污染下台湾相思（Acacia confusa）和尾叶桉（Eucalyptus urophylla）根区土壤微生物群落多样性进行了研究.结果表明,广州市黄埔区龟山土壤重金属污染严重,其中全Cd和全Zn含量大大超出广州市背景值,并对微生物群落产生最大负效应.土壤环境的恶化导致细菌数量减少,微生物代谢活性滞后,对醣类和氨基酸类碳源利用低,多样性指数降低.黄埔区台湾相思和尾叶桉根区土壤细菌数量和微生物多样性显著高于裸地.由于重金属污染对根区土壤的影响较大,台湾相思和尾叶桉根区土壤的细菌数量、微生物碳源利用类型以及群落多样性指数均无显著差异.然而,台湾相思根区土壤微生物的代谢活性随着培养时间的延长,呈迅速上升趋势,并较其他供试土壤具有更高的代谢能力;另外,台湾相思不仅可以稳定土壤中的Cu和Pb,还能吸收Cd和Zn,并且其固氮能力能有效增加土壤养分含量,对土壤条件进行改良,也是广州市常用的造林先锋树种,适合作为广州市黄埔区重金属污染地植被重建材料.     

安宁河流域人工桉树林分水分特征探讨

桉树生长快,经济价值高,现成为世界各国引种和推广的材种。但因其速生性消耗大量水分,因而有人对其在中国推广种植持相反意见。本试验通过对安宁河流域人工桉树林土壤容重、土壤孔隙度、土壤含水量、蒸腾速率进行定期测定,研究其水分特性。结果表明该人工桉树林保持土壤水分能力较低,指出在人工桉树林发展中确实出现了一些经营和技术上的问题,因而必须科学规划,合理经营。     

柠檬桉叶挥发性成分的提取及成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从柠檬桉叶中提取挥发油中的油相成分,用乙醚作为溶剂从蒸馏残液中萃取挥发油中的水溶性物质,利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析二者的化学成分并进行比较。柠檬桉叶挥发油油相成分的得油率为1.36%(以鲜重计),确认了其中的37种成分,占油相成分总量的97.36%,其中有12种碳氢化合物和25种含氧化合物,其主要成分为香茅醛(57.00%),其后依次是香茅醇(15.89%)、乙酸香茅酯(15.33%)。水溶性成分的得油率为0.48%(以鲜重计),确认了其中的10种成分,占水溶性物质总量的82.05%,主要为醇类物质,其主要成分为顺-对烷-3,8-二醇(53.43%)和反-对烷-3,8-二醇(16.48%)。     

近红外光谱法预测粗皮桉木材气干密度的影响因素分析

采用近红外光谱分析技术,对粗皮桉木材气干密度校正模型的影响因素进行比较研究.使用直接测量法测量了粗皮桉木材的气干密度,并用近红外光谱仪采集试样的近红外漫反射光谱,对不同切面、厚度、含水率和粗糙度的粗皮桉木材试样的原始光谱进行二阶导数预处理并选择一定光谱段建立回归模型.以50～140个试样作为校正集建立木材气干密度的偏最...