Rapid and Selective Photo-degradation of Polymers: Design of an Alternating Copolymer with an o-Nitrobenzyl Ether Pendant

The development of polymers with on-demand degradability is required to alleviate the current global issues on polymer-waste pollution. Therefore, we designed a vinyl ether monomer with an o-nitrobenzyl (oNBn) group as a photo-deprotectable pendant (oNBnVE) and synthesized an alternating copolymer with an oNBn-capped acetal backbone via cationic copolymerization with p-tolualdehyde (pMeBzA). The resultant alternating copolymer could be rapidly degraded into lower-molecular-weight compounds upon simple exposure to UV irradiation without any reactants or catalysts, while it was sufficiently stable toward heat and ambient light. This degradation proceeds via cleavage of the hemiacetal structure generated upon photo-deprotection of the oNBn pendant. The oNBn-peculiar degradability allowed the exclusive photo-degradation of the oNBnVE/pMeBzA segments in a diblock copolymer composed of oNBnVE/pMeBzA and benzyl vinyl ether (BnVE)/pMeBzA segments.     

A Bioinspired Free-Standing 2D Crown-Ether-Based Polyimine Membrane for Selective Proton Transport

Biological proton channels play important roles in the delicate metabolism process, and have led to great interest in mimicking selective proton transport. Herein, we designed a bioinspired proton transport membrane by incorporating flexible 14-crown-4 (14C4) units into rigid frameworks of polyimine films by an interfacial Schiff base reaction. The Young's modulus of the membrane reaches about 8.2 GPa. The 14C4 units could grab water, thereby forming hydrogen bond-water networks and acting as jumping sites to lower the energy barrier of proton transport. The molecular chains present a vertical orientation to the membrane, and the ions travel between the quasi-planar molecular sheets. Furthermore, the 14C4 moieties could bond alkali ions through host–guest interactions. Thus, the ion conductance follows H⁺≫K⁺>Na⁺>Li⁺, and an ultrahigh selectivity of H⁺/Li⁺ (ca. 215) is obtained. This study provides an effective avenue for developing ion-selective membranes by embedding macrocycle motifs with inherent cavities.     

Green Ether Electrolytes for Sustainable High-voltage Potassium Ion Batteries

Ether-based electrolytes are promising for secondary batteries due to their good compatibility with alkali metal anodes and high ionic conductivity. However, they suffer from poor oxidative stability and high toxicity, leading to severe electrolyte decomposition at high voltage and biosafety/environmental concerns when electrolyte leakage occurs. Here, we report a green ether solvent through a rational design of carbon-chain regulation to elicit steric hindrance, such a structure significantly reducing the solvent‘s biotoxicity and tuning the solvation structure of electrolytes. Notably, our solvent design is versatile, and an anion-dominated solvation structure is favored, facilitating a stable interphase formation on both the anode and cathode in potassium-ion batteries. Remarkably, the green ether-based electrolyte demonstrates excellent compatibility with K metal and graphite anode and a 4.2 V high-voltage cathode (200 cycles with average Coulombic efficiency of 99.64 %). This work points to a promising path toward the molecular design of green ether-based electrolytes for practical high-voltage potassium-ion batteries and other rechargeable batteries.     

用以太网技术设计的炼铁厂高炉局域网控制系统

介绍了采用以太网 ,在以PLC为核心技术实现槽下上料系统、热风炉换炉系统的自动控制 ,以及热风炉、值班室重要参数数据的自动采集处理与监视的基础上开发设计的安阳钢厂 1#高炉局域网控制系统 ,全面实现了高炉主要生产工艺的自动控制和对整个高炉炼铁生产的集中监控 ,应用实践表明 ,该系统运行稳定可靠。     

近红外光谱法快速检测烟草中的石油醚提取物

为适应快速分析烟草中石油醚提取物含量的需要,建立了近红外光谱法预测烟草中石油醚提取物含量的方法,考察了光谱预处理方法、谱区范围对石油醚提取物含量预测值的影响。该方法具有简便、快速、低消耗、低成本、不破坏样品及重现性好等优点,且其预测值与烟草行业标准方法测定值较为接近,适用于大批量烟叶样品石油醚提取物含量的快速分析。     

金红石型纳米TiO_2浆料改性氯醚树脂防腐涂层研究

用金红石型纳米TiO2对氯醚树脂防腐涂料改性,电化学阻抗考察该纳米TiO2对漆膜防腐性能的影响.结果表明,添加金红石型纳米TiO2不能明显改善氯醚树脂漆膜的附着力、柔韧性和耐冲击性能,但能提高漆膜耐紫外线老化,以及漆膜的光泽度,此外适当的添加量还能提高漆膜的防腐性能.     

以1,4-二氯甲氧基丁烷为氯甲基化试剂合成线型氯甲基化聚苯乙烯

采用自制的氯甲基化试剂——1,4-二氯甲氧基丁烷(BCMB),使用Lewis酸催化剂,在均相反应体系中高效地实现了聚苯乙烯的氯甲基化.研究了反应机理,考察了各种因素对氯甲基化反应的影响规律,优化了反应条件,通过红外光谱法与Volhard分析法表征了产物的化学结构与组成.实验结果表明,反应机理可能由苯环亲电取代与伴随着醚键断裂的亲核取代两类反应构成,氯甲基化试剂用量、催化剂的酸性与用量、溶剂的性质与用量及反应温度等因素对反应都有显著的影响,其一,会影响聚苯乙烯的氯甲基化程度,其二,会导致或避免大分子链之间通过Friedel-Crafts反应而发生交联.以四氯化碳为溶剂、以SnCl4为催化剂并在较低温度(18℃)下进行反应,可制得氯甲基化程度达80%且完全线型化的氯甲基化聚苯乙烯.     

TAME合成原料及产品的气相色谱分析

采用SE- 30毛细柱、FID、程序升温气相色谱法分析了TAME合成原料及产品的C5组成 ,解析出 C5的8个组分 ;采用 GDX1 0 4填充柱、TCD对含醚产品进行了分析 ,解析出水、甲醇及 TAME。为试验研究和工业生产提供了一种快速准确的方法。