有机环境污染物紫外光谱检索的神经网络方法

详细讨论了网络优化参数、模拟的测量过程中噪声及杂质对网络收敛性能及预测误差的影响。为加速网络收敛,提高紫外光谱检索的正确率,采用了导数光谱对反向传播的人工神经网络(BP-ANN)进行训练和检索,该方法对检索光谱中噪声、杂质,尤其是斜坡背景的允许程度明显提高。文章还将ANN方法与普通的相关系数法的识别结果进行了比较。结果表明,优化参数下的人工神经网络的库检索法在抗噪、容杂等方面都明显地优于普通的相关系数法,是一种很有效的紫外库检索方法。     

基于Raman激光雷达反演大气污染气体浓度几种方法

筊aman激光雷达是探测大气污染气体的一种重要方法,雷达回波反演是其中的重要步骤,反演的关键在于正确得到透过率指数因子。以消光系数为中心的三个方案,介绍了目前已普遍采用的方法、应用532 nm大气消光系数间接求取α(λ₁,z)和α(λ_２,z)。提出了两种新方法：(1) 采用拉曼波长与待测气体相近的参考气体,α(λ₁,z)＝α(λ_２,z);(2) 借助λ₁和λ₂的Mie-Rayleigh散射回波求取指数因子。     

Use of the EUR LiB 15/5 data set for radiation shielding calculations in iron

Abstract

The shielding effect of an iron sphere assembly has been tested for a Pu-α-Be neutron source placed in the center of the shield assembly. Emergent neutron and gamma spectra were measured with a stilbene scintillation counter. Discrimination between neutrons and gammas was achieved by the pulse shape discrimination technique based on the zero crossing method. Calculations have been made using the one-dimensional transport code ANISN-Westinghouse version (ANISN-W) and the EUR LiB 15/5 cross section data set. The agreement between measurements and calculations indicates that the cross section set and the calculation model are suitable for studying the iron shielding experiments over the neutron energy range 1.35–10 MeV and the gamma energy range 0.3–6 MeV. Total macroscopic cross sections for fast neutrons, linear attenuation coefficients for gamma rays and half-value thicknesses for neutrons and gammas for the whole energy range and at different energies have been obtained.     

表面细分技术在二维声辐射和声散射中的应用

把表面细分技术应用于求解边界积分方程，既能把CAD模型直接用于边界元分析，又能精确描述复杂的边界几何形状，实现网格自动加密和形函数自动升阶，满足误差要求。把它应用于简单的二维声辐射和声散射，结果表明对提高边界元方法的计算精度是有效的。     

Radiation of de-excited electrons at large times in a strong electromagnetic plane wave

The late time asymptotics of the physical solutions to the Lorentz–Dirac equation in the electromagnetic external fields of simple configurations–the constant homogeneous field, the linearly polarized plane wave (in particular, the constant uniform crossed field), and the circularly polarized plane wave–are found. The solutions to the Landau–Lifshitz equation for the external electromagnetic fields admitting a two-parametric symmetry group, which include as a particular case the above mentioned field configurations, are obtained. Some general properties of the total radiation power of a charged particle are established. In particular, for a circularly polarized wave and constant uniform crossed fields, the total radiation power in the asymptotic regime is independent of the charge and the external field strength, when expressed in terms of the proper-time, and equals a half the rest energy of a charged particle divided by its proper-time. The spectral densities of the radiation power formed on the late time asymptotics are derived for a charged particle moving in the external electromagnetic fields of the simple configurations pointed above. This provides a simple method to verify experimentally that the charged particle has reached the asymptotic regime.     

Neutron radiation damage in zirconium and its alloys

There has been much research and speculation recently on the nature of radiation induced defects in zirconium and its alloys, and in particular on the absence of voids at high fluences and temperatures in the range 0.3 to 0.5 T _m (T _m is the absolute melting temperature). Wolfenden and Farrell¹ have reviewed the evidence and suggest that α-Zr has so far resisted void formation during neutron irradiation because of: (a) the absence of a dislocation (loop or tangle) structure and/or (b) a low insoluble gas (e.g. helium) content.     

电磁波检测

当今无线通讯技术迅猛发展,如何对变电所及输电线与移动电话基地台所产生的电磁场强度进行评估,便成为一个重要的工作.通过分析电磁波特征,论述了对这些电磁波辐射设施所产生的电磁场强度检测的方法.     

Controlled Space Radiation concept for mesh-free semi-analytical technique to model wave fields in complex geometries

Numerical modelling of the ultrasonic wave propagation is important for Structural Heath Monitoring and System Prognosis problems. In order to develop intelligent and adaptive structures with embedded damage detector and classifier mechanisms, detailed understanding of scattered wave fields due to anomaly in the structure is inevitably required. A detailed understanding of the problem demands a good modelling of the wave propagation in the problem geometry in virtual form. Therefore, efficient analytical, semi-analytical or numerical modelling techniques are required. In recent years a semi-analytical mesh-free technique called Distributed Point Source Method (DPSM) is being used for modelling various ultrasonic, electrostatic and electromagnetic wave field problems. In the conventional DPSM approach point sources are placed along the transducer faces, problem boundaries and interfaces to model incident and scattered fields. Every point source emits energy in all directions uniformly. Source strengths of these 360° radiation sources are obtained by satisfying interface and boundary conditions of the problem. In conventional DPSM modelling approach it is assumed that the shadow zone does not require any special consideration. 360° Radiation point sources should be capable of properly modelling shadow zones because all boundary and interface conditions are satisfied. In this paper it is investigated how good this assumption is by introducing the ‘shadow zone’ concept at the point source level and comparing the results generated by the conventional DPSM and by this modified approach where the conventional 360° radiation point sources are replaced by the Controlled Space Radiation (CSR) sources.     

X射线荧光光谱法分析癌症村土壤主量元素

由于工业的快速发展带来了许多诸如环境污染等不利的方面,“癌症村”就是一个沉重的例子。应用X射线荧光光谱法测定了一个较典型癌症村土壤中主量元素的含量。该村土壤中主量元素SiO₂,TiO₂,Al₂O₃,Fe₂O₃,MnO,MgO,CaO,Na₂O,K₂O和P₂O₅含量分别为66.05%,0.66%,11.37%,3.93%,0.075%,1.97%,5.47%,1.90%,2.11%和0.20%。各元素含量在测定范围之内,各种元素的分析精度较高,都在0.20%～0.005%之间,X射线荧光光谱法是一种测定污染土壤中主量元素的快速、有效的方法。     

基于多光谱法的激发温度和辐射温度瞬态测试技术

近些年来,随着国内外尖端科技快速发展,温度测量无论是对于国防建设领域还是对于工业制造领域都有着极为重要的指导意义和研究价值。尤其在瞬态超高温测量方面,测温精度要求更为严苛。测温方法多种多样,多光谱法由于其精度较高且适用性强,被国内外专家广泛运用。基于多光谱测温法,提出一种新的能够同时高精度测量目标的瞬态激发温度和辐射温度的方法。该方法通过查找可信度更高的目标物理特性数据以及更为精确的多光谱直线拟合方法,精准计算得到目标激发温度。通过建立更加准确的数学模型和算法,减小光谱发射率对整个测温过程的影响实现高精度的辐射温度测量。通过相关测温实验表明,系统测温精度达到3%。