基于三方演化博弈的电力市场监管策略

我国电力市场的建设还处于初级阶段,市场参与者的交易行为尚不规范,存在许多违规行为,为维护电力市场的平稳高效运行,迫切需要制定科学有效的监管和激励机制。从监管实际需求出发,建立了监管机构、发电企业和电力用户的三方博弈模型,分别分析静态奖惩和动态奖惩机制下系统的演化稳定策略。仿真分析结果表明：静态奖惩机制下三方无法达到演化稳定;动态奖惩机制下三方策略可以达到稳定平衡,通过调整相关参数可以达到理想的稳定状态,实现了有效监管。最后根据三方演化结果和仿真分析结果给出相关政策建议。     

Nash equilibrium in a pay-as-bid electricity market Part 2 - best response of a producer

We consider a multi-leader-common-follower model of a pay-as-bid electricity market in which the producers provide the regulator with either linear or quadratic bids. We prove that for a given producer only linear bids can maximize his profit. Such linear bids are referred as the ‘best response’ of the given producer. They are obtained assuming the demand is known and some estimate of the bids of the other producers is available. Nevertheless we also show that whenever no best response exists, the optimal profit can be asymptotically attained by a sequence of quadratic bids converging to the so-called ‘limiting best response’. An explicit formula for such a sequence is provided.     

电能表自动化检定压接过程动力学仿真分析

分析了电能表自动化检测中自动压接过程的运动状态,采用ADAMS软件对压接过程进行仿真,研究了检测装置内置弹簧的刚度系数、弹簧的预载对电能表与端子间接触力的影响;研究了压接速度对接触力大小的影响。仿真结果表明：内置弹簧的刚度系数越大,电能表与压接端子接触力越大;弹簧预载越大,接触力越大,二者皆与接触力呈线性关系。本文详细研究了检测装置内置弹簧对接触力的影响,为进一步改进电能表检测装置提供了重要的参考依据。     

基于可逆固体氧化物电池堆的电能高效存储

研究了固体氧化物电池堆中电能的可逆存储与产生,通过相变金属存储燃料电池模式下的热能并在电解池模式下加以利用. 系统的荷电状态(即氢燃料百分比)可显著增加开路电压,系统压力的增加有效提高了开路电压. 较高的系统压力可促进电极表面的物质扩散和输运,相应地改善电极的极化电阻. 通过有效的热能管理,系统的电能可逆存储的循环效率可高达92%.     

A Hydrazine-Nitrate Flow Battery Catalyzed by a Bimetallic RuCo Precatalyst for Wastewater Purification along with Simultaneous Generation of Ammonia and Electricity

The traditional technologies for industrial and agricultural effluent treatment are often energy-intensive. Herein, we suggest an electrochemical redox strategy for spontaneous and simultaneous decontamination of wastewater and generation of both fuels and electricity at low cost. Using hydrazine and nitrate effluents as a demonstration, we propose a hydrazine-nitrate flow battery (HNFB) that can efficiently purify the wastewater and meanwhile generate both ammonia fuel and electricity with the assistance of our developed bimetallic RuCo precatalyst. Specifically, the battery delivers a peak power density of 12 mW cm⁻² and continuously operates for 20 h with an ammonia yield rate of ca. 0.38 mmol h⁻¹ cm⁻² under 100 mA cm⁻². The generated electricity can further drive a hydrazine electrolyzer to produce hydrogen fuel. Our work provides an alternative pathway to purify wastewater and generate high value-added fuels at low cost.     

皖北煤电集团有限公司信息化建设的经济效益评价

通过构建经济效益模型,用定量分析的方法评估了皖北煤电集团有限责任公司（以下简称皖北煤电）实施信息化建设后的经济效益。     

Energy and CO2 emission performance in electricity generation: A non-radial directional distance function approach

This paper presents a non-radial directional distance function approach to modeling energy and CO₂emission performance in electricity generation from the production efficiency point of view. We first define and construct the environmental production technologies for the countries with and without CHP plants, respectively. The non-radial direction distance function approach is then proposed and several indexes are developed to measure energy and CO₂ emission performance of electricity generation. The directional distance functions established can be computed by solving a series of data envelopment analysis models. We then conduct an empirical study using the dataset for over one hundred countries. It is found that OECD countries have better carbon emission performance and integrated energy-carbon performance than non-OECD countries in electricity generation, while the difference in energy performance is not significant.     

Agent-based analysis of technological diversification and specialization in electricity markets

This paper develops a model-based analysis of technological market structure evolution in electricity markets. This is done through the development of a power plant trading game that, via computational learning, simulates how players coordinate their behaviour in buying and selling power generation assets. In particular, we look at the question of how market performance depends upon the different technological types of plant owned by the generators, and whether, through the strategic adaptation of their power plant portfolios, there is a tendency for the market to evolve into concentrations of specialized or diversified companies.     

Stochastic programming for optimizing bidding strategies of a Nordic hydropower producer

From the point of view of a price-taking hydropower producer participating in the day-ahead power market, market prices are highly uncertain. The present paper provides a model for determining optimal bidding strategies taking this uncertainty into account. In particular, market price scenarios are generated and a stochastic mixed-integer linear programming model that involves both hydropower production and physical trading aspects is developed. The idea is to explore the effects of including uncertainty explicitly into optimization by comparing the stochastic approach to a deterministic approach. The model is illustrated with data from a Norwegian hydropower producer and the Nordic power market at Nord Pool.     

A new pricing scheme for a multi-period pool-based electricity auction

A new pricing scheme is proposed for determining the social welfare distribution in a centralized pool-based auction in the context of solving the unit commitment problems under competition. A significant contribution of this paper over previous publications on this subject is the inclusion of the price-responsive demand side for the multi-period auctions with dynamic commitment characteristics. The model allows every thermal unit and every consumer to obtain individual maximum profits, and at the same time it gives the market coordinator an adequate tool for solving the ensuing technologically constrained unit commitment problem with fair market clearing. The pricing model is in the form of a mixed linear programming model that minimizes the sum of the compensation costs. The accompanying case study illustrates the approach proposed.